黄河三角洲石油开采区盐渍化农田土壤多环芳烃的分布特征与源解析  

Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Salinized Farmland Soil from the Oil Mining Area of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：邱慧 刘月仙 解小凡 张萌[2] 王伟[3] QIU Hui;LIU Yue-xian;XIE Xiao-fan;ZHANG Meng;WANG Wei(College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [2]中国矿业大学化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [3]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第8期3509-3518,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YF0503604)

摘　　要：采集黄河三角洲石油开采区滨州市89个土壤样品(其中:83个农田土壤样品,6个石油开采区土壤样品),采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)分析土壤中的16种EPA优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)组成与含量,运用主成分分析(PCA)和正定矩阵因子法(PMF)模型判断农田土壤中多环芳烃的来源.结果表明,农田土壤中16种PAHs总含量(以干重计)范围31. 5~1 399. 4μg·kg^-1,其平均值为149. 8μg·kg^-1. PAHs组成特征表明,该地区农田土壤中主要以4~6环多环芳烃为主,单体PAH间大多呈显著相关(P <0. 01),表明采样区某些单体PAH的污染来源具有一定的相似性.两种源解析方法对多环芳烃的来源判定有相似的结果,农田土壤中PAHs主要来源于燃煤、生物质燃烧、化石燃料燃烧以及柴油燃烧;4类源的贡献率依次是汽油燃烧(24. 05%)、柴油燃烧(6. 17%)、低温热解过程(60. 67%)与煤燃烧(9. 11%).Eighty-nine soil samples were collected from the Binzhou oil mining area of the Yellow River Delta (including 83 farmland soil samples and 6 soil samples from an oil extraction area). A total of 16 US-EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were employed to investigate potential source apportionment of PAHs in the farmland soil. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 31.5 μg·kg^-1 to 1399.4 μg·kg^-1 (dry weight) with an arithmetic mean concentration of 119.4 μg·kg^-1. The characteristics of PAHs showed that 4- to 6-ring PAHs were slightly dominant in this study area, and most of the PAHs were significantly correlated (P<0.01), which indicates that the sources of the PAHs had some similarities in this sampling area. Source apportionment results derived from two different models were similar, indicating that the sources of PAHs were coal combustion, biomass combustion, fossil fuel combustion, and diesel combustion. The results of the PMF were more detailed, with the following four factors being identified:gasoline combustion (24.05%), diesel combustion (6.17%), low-temperature pyrolysis processes (60.67%), and coal combustion (9.11%).

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 农田土壤 多环芳烃(PAHs) 源解析 受体模型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]