某市职业人群个人防护用品的使用情况及影响因素  

Analysis on influencing factors of workers'personal protective equipment usage in a city

作　　者：陈超[1] 迟欣[1] 王科霖[1] 嵇平钟 张放[2] Chen Chao;Chi Xin;Wang Kelin;Ji Pingzhong;Zhang Fang(Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai 264003, China;Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250062, China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市疾病预防控制中心,264003 [2]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),济南250062

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2019年第7期513-516,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2016WS0693).

摘　　要：目的调查分析某市接触职业病危害因素人群个人防护用品(personal protective equipment,PPE)使用情况及影响因素,为规范职业人群PPE使用提供依据。方法于2018年5月,收集某市辖区内接触职业病危害因素劳动者基本信息,采用简单随机抽样方法抽取1 678名劳动者作为研究对象并于2018年6~7月进行问卷调查。回收的有效问卷中自评为"全工时正确使用PPE"且获得用人单位职业健康管理人员认可的劳动者被列入正确使用组,其他列入未正确使用组,对研究对象PPE使用情况的特征分析采用χ2检验,对影响因素的分析采用二分类非条件logistic回归分析。结果回收有效问卷1 547份,其中803名劳动者全时正确使用PPE(正确使用率为51.9%),其他劳动者从不使用或者偶尔使用PPE。不同性别、行业、工资类型的劳动者PPE使用率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业健康管理人员示范使用(β=0.368)、车间工人正确使用及监督提醒(β=0.891)、张贴职业病危害因素警示说明(β=0.361)、车间入口设置"安全人"(β=0.585)、微信等新媒体上职业健康知识宣传(β=0.536)、处罚不正确使用PPE行为(β=0.252)、性别(β=-0.512)和工资类型(β=-0.203)等因素均为影响PPE使用的因素。结论该市职业人群PPE正确使用率较低,用人单位应采取综合性措施确保提高正确使用率以保护劳动者职业健康。Objective To understand influencing factors on workers' personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and provide a basis for standardizing the PPE use in the city. Methods The basic information of workers exposed to occupational hazards in a municipal area was imported into SPSS 18.0 and numbered sequentially in May 2018. A simple random sampling method was used to select 1 678 workers as the research object, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2018. In the valid questionnaires collected, workers who self-rated as "full-time correct use of PPE" and were approved by occupational health managers of employing units were included in the "correct use group" and others in the "incorrect use group".χ2 test was used to analyze the PPE use of different factors, and binary unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results 1547 valid questionnaires were collected in this study, including 803 workers correctly used PPE at full time (51.9%), and other workers never used or occasionally used PPE. There were statistical difference of PPE usage rate among workers of different sex, industry and wage type (P<0.05). Occupational health supervisors setting example in PPE usage (β=0.368), workmates using PPE correctly and reminding PPE usage (β=0.891), posting warning specifications of occupational hazards (β=0.361), setting up "safe man" at the entrance of workshop (β=0.585), WeChat and other new media on occupational health knowledge propaganda (β=0.536), punishing incorrect usage of PPE (β=0.252)、sex (β=-0.512) and wage type (β=-0.203) are influencing factors affecting the usage of PPE. Conclusion PPE usage rate of the occupational population in the city is still fairly low, and the PPE usage is influenced by a variety of factors. Comprehensive measures should be taken by employers to ensure using PPE to protect workers' occupational health.

关 键 词：个人防护用品 职业人群 影响因素 正确使用率 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]