北京市六环内城市森林结构总体特征  

The characteristics of urban forest structure within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing

作　　者：马杰 贾宝全[1,2,3] 张文[1,2,3,5] 刘秀萍 李晓婷 刘佳[1,2,3] MA jie;JIA Bao-quan;ZHANG Wen;LIU Xiu-ping;LI Xiao-ting;LIU jia(Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;Research Centre of Urban Forestry, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China;East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China;Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ecological Function Assessment and Regulation Technology of Green Space, Beijing 100102, China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [3]国家林业和草原局城市森林研究中心,北京100091 [4]河南科技学院,新乡453003 [5]华东交通大学,南昌330013 [6]北京市园林科学研究院,园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室,北京100102

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第8期2318-2325,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201404301);北京市自然科学基金项目(8152031)资助

摘　　要：城市森林结构决定了城市森林的外貌、总体绿量,影响其生态效益.本文对北京市六环外1 km范围内城市森林分层抽样调查,研究其多样性及乔木规格,并根据北京城市特点分析其空间差异,以期找出存在问题及梯度变化规律,为北京城市森林多样性保护及科学管理提供依据.通过对各类城市森林847个标准样方的调查,共记录木本植物50科、106属、159种,本地种占75%;城市森林植物群落仍然是少数物种主导,毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr.)与国槐(Sophora japonicaL.)分别为使用数量最多(9.7%)和使用频度最高(28.45%)的树种;乔木平均胸径19.79 cm,平均冠幅5.4 m,规格总体偏小,且规格差异不大.北京市城市森林沿城市发展方向由城内向城外展现出了明显的梯度变化:总物种数4环外多于4环内,最高为4~5环112种;多样性指数逐渐降低;乔木规格减小;“城六区”物种组成、多样性及乔木规格均优于其他行政区.The structure of urban forest determines the appearance and total green biomass of urban forest and consequently its eco-efficiency. A stratified sampling survey was conducted on the urban forest within the range from 1 km outside the Sixth Ring Road to the center of Beijing to analyze species diversity and arbor specifications and their spatial variation, and find out current problems and variation pattern in gradient, with the aim to provide reference for the diversity conservation and scientific management of Beijing’s urban forests. Through a survey of 847 plots of various types of urban forests, we recorded woody plants of 50 families, 106 genera and 159 species, 75% of which are indigenous species. The urban forest communities are dominated by a few species. Populus tomentosa Carr. and Sophora japonica L. are the tree species used most in quantity (9.7%) and most frequently (28.45%). For arbors, the average DBH is 19.79 cm and the average crown breadth is 5.4 m. The overall specification is small with limited difference. The urban forests in Beijing showed an obvious change in gradient from the inside to the outside towards the direction of urban development. Species richness outside 4th Road is higher than that inside, with the highest richness of 112 species within 4th-5th Roads. The diversity and homogeneity gradually decreased. The arbor specification becomes smaller. Species composition, diversity, and arbor specification in “six urban districts” are better than those of other administrative areas.

关 键 词：北京 城市森林 物种多样性 规格 空间梯度 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]