施氮量和土壤灭菌对根结线虫侵染番茄根系的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate and soil sterilization on root knot nematode infecting tomato roots

作　　者：吕昊峰 王亚芳 李国元 王敬国[1] 林杉[1] Lü Hao-feng;WANG Ya-fang;LI Guo-yuan;WANG Jing-guo;LIN Shan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;College of Life Science and Technology and Agricultural Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]湖北工程学院生命科学技术学院农学院,湖北孝感432000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第8期2450-2455,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761134087);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B01-4)资助

摘　　要：设施蔬菜生产中,根结线虫病害频繁发生,严重威胁了设施蔬菜生产的安全性和可持续性.为了探究氮肥施用量和土壤灭菌对根结线虫侵染番茄根系的影响,采用二因素(施氮量和土壤是否灭菌)二水平完全随机区组设计,进行盆栽试验.施氮量分别为100和300 mg·kg-1,采用γ射线对土壤灭菌或不灭菌.结果表明:未灭菌条件下,与高氮处理相比,低氮处理单位根长和单位根干重的根结数分别减少了42.5%和30.4%,地上部干重和根干重分别增加了43.9%和31.4%,氮素农学利用效率提高4.3倍;对土壤进行γ射线灭菌,有效地消除了根结线虫对番茄根系的侵染,地上部干重增加了31.8%;适当减少氮肥施用量能显著降低根结线虫对设施番茄根系的侵染,促进番茄生长,提高氮素农学利用效率.The safety and sustainability of greenhouse vegetable production are seriously threatened by the frequent occurrence of root knot nematode disease. To explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate and soil sterilization on root knot nematode infecting tomato roots, a pot experiment was carried out with a two factorial (N application rate and soil sterilization) randomized block design. The N application rates were 100 and 300 mg·kg-1. Soil sterilization included gamma ray sterilization and no sterilization. The results showed that the root knot numbers per unit root length and unit root dry weight in low N application rate were reduced by 42.5% and 30.4%, respectively, as compared to high N application rate under the non-sterilization condition, while the dry weight of shoot and root increased by 43.9% and 31.4%, respectively, and agronomy use efficiency of N increased by 4.3 times. Gamma ray sterilization effectively eliminated the infection of root knot nematodes to tomato roots and the aboveground dry weight increased by 31.8%. Appropriate reduction of N application rate can significantly reduce root knot nematode infecting to tomato roots, promote tomato growth, and improve N agronomy use efficiency.

关 键 词：设施番茄 线虫病害 氮肥施用量 γ射线灭菌 

分 类 号：S436.412.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]