深圳市使用毒鼠屋的现况调查  

An investigation on the application of the poison rat boxes in Shenzhen City

作　　者：叶健[1,2] 熊华威 张家儿 朱毅朝[5] 陈戊申 YE Jian;XIONG Hua-wei;ZHANG Jia-er;ZHU Yi-chao;CHEN Wu-shen(Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518050, China;Shenzhen the Fourth Field Epidemiology Training Program, Shenzhen 518055 , China;Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055 , China;Libohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, China;Shenzhen City Administration Bureau, Shenzhen 518000, China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市南山区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518050 [2]深圳市第四期现场流行病学培训项目,广东深圳518055 [3]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518055 [4]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518020 [5]深圳市城市管理局,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2019年第4期307-310,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：深圳市城市管理局科研项目(编号:201721);深圳市罗湖区科学研究计划项目(编号:201737)

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市毒鼠屋的分布及使用情况,为下一步开展毒鼠屋灭鼠提供依据。方法在深圳市10个区中每个区选一定数量的社区作为监测点,制定统一的深圳市公共场所毒鼠屋调查登记表收集各监测点毒鼠屋的相关信息。结果本次共调查129 km社区范围,发现毒鼠屋3 142个,毒鼠屋平均密度为24.36个/km。其中无毒饵的有684个,平均空屋率为21.77%。各区毒鼠屋空屋率之间的差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=382.588,P<0.001)。各区毒鼠屋材质分为水泥、陶瓷、复合和其他共4种,各材质毒鼠屋构成比分别为62.54%、24.67%、12.64%和0.16%。各区不同材质毒鼠屋构成比之间的差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=3 435.870,P<0.001)。各区毒鼠屋形状分为盒状、筒状和其他3种,各形状毒鼠屋构成比分别为63.56%、36.03%和0.41%。各区不同形状毒鼠屋构成比之间的差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=1 131.101,P<0.001)。各区毒鼠屋屋外见饵和未见饵的数量分别为279和2 863个,平均毒饵溢出率为8.88%。结论深圳市公共场所毒鼠屋平均密度较低,导致灭鼠毒饵不饱和,从而影响灭鼠效果,需适当增加密度。毒鼠屋平均空屋率较高,除虫灭鼠公司应加大对毒鼠屋巡查频次,避免遗漏。同时毒鼠屋缺乏防止毒饵溢出的结构,除虫灭鼠公司巡查时要及时清理溢出的毒饵,防止误食和污染环境。水泥毒鼠屋被广泛使用于公共场所灭鼠,需进一步评估该毒鼠屋实际灭鼠效果,以便更科学合理地指导有效灭鼠。Objective To understand the distribution and use of the poison rat boxes in Shenzhen,and provide basis for further anti-rodent activities.Methods A certain number of communities were selected in each of the 10 districts of Shenzhen as the monitoring site.Unified registration forms were made for the investigation of poison rat boxes in public places of Shenzhen to collect the relevant information in each monitoring site.Results A total of 129 kilometers of communities were surveyed,and 3 142 boxes were found with an average density of 24.36 pieces per kilometer.There were 684 unbaited boxes,with an average vacancy rate of 21.77%.The difference in box vacancy rates was statistically significant(χ^2=382.588,P<0.001).The poison rat boxes in each district were mainly made of cement,ceramics,composite and other types,respectively with the constituent ratio of 62.54%,24.67%,12.64% and 0.16%.The differences between the composition of poison rat boxes of different materials in each district were statistically significant(χ^2=3 435.870,P<0.001).The poison rat boxes in each region were shaped as box,tube and others,respectively accounting for 63.56%,36.03%,and 0.41%,with statistically significant difference(χ^2=1 131.101,P<0.001).There were 279 poison rat boxed found with poison bait overflow,and the average overflow rate of poison bait was 8.88%(279/3 142).Conclusion The average density of poison rat boxes in public places of Shenzhen was low,resulting in unsaturation of rodent bait.The average vacancy rate was high,and the company should increase the frequency of inspection to avoid omission.There were no devices designed to prevent the poison baits from spilling out of the box,so the pest control company should clean up the spilled poison baits in time to prevent accidental ingestion and pollution to the environment.The actual rodent control effect of the cement rodent boxes widely used in public places,needs to be further evaluated so as to guide more scientific and reasonable rodent control.

关 键 词：毒鼠屋 毒饵 毒鼠屋材质 毒鼠屋形状 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]