两种雷暴大风的结构特征及其环境条件对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Structural Characteristics and Environmental Conditions of Two Kinds of Thunderstorms and Gales

作　　者：农孟松[1] 翟丽萍[1] 屈梅芳[1] 赖珍权[1] Nong Mengsong;Zhai Liping;Qu Meifang;Lai Zhenquan(Guangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanning Guangxi 530022)

机构地区：[1]广西区气象台

出　　处：《气象研究与应用》2019年第2期1-6,37,共7页Journal of Meteorological Research and Application

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目（2018GXNSFBA281178);中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBX2019-084）;广西壮族自治区气象局短时临近天气预报技术创新团队项目

摘　　要：2014年3月29日晚到31日早上,广西连续两个晚上在同一区域出现了两种不同类型的雷暴大风,这两类雷暴大风在形态结构演变和环境条件上存在明显的差异。30日雷暴大风表现为多个孤立、松散、排列无序的强单体风暴,属于微湿下击暴流、低层暖平流强迫类,其层结为条件性不稳定,由地面辐合线触发;31日的雷暴大风则是由有组织、紧密排列的多单体强风暴组成的飑线系统,其后侧入流明显,有平流作用,风暴范围大,属于高空冷平流强迫类,其层结为对流性不稳定,由地面锋面触发产生。从环境条件上来看,30日雷暴大风的温湿廓线呈倒V型结构,中层湿度相对较大,低层干且温度直减率近干绝热;31日雷暴大风的温湿廓线表现为850hPa以下大气层结曲线与露点曲线紧靠,水汽充足,以上两者分离,干层显著,呈“漏斗”状,另外,31日雷暴大风的垂直风切变较大,更有利于对流的组织化。Taking the occurrence of two different type thunderstorms in the same region for two consecutive nights in Guangxi (from March 29 to 31, 2014) as an example, the differences in morphological structure evolution and environmental conditions between the two types of thunderstorms were analyzed. The results showed that the thunderstorm gale on the 30th was characterized by several isolated, loose and disorderly strong monomer storms, which belonged to the category of mild wet downburst and low-level warm advection forcing. Its stratification was conditionally unstable and triggered by the surface convergence line. Thunderstorm gale on 31st was a squall line system consisting of organized and tightly arranged multi-unit strong storms. Its rear inflow was obvious, advection effect was obvious, storm range was large, belonging to cold advection forcing type at high altitude, and its stratification is convective instability, triggered by the surface front. From the point of view of environmental conditions, the temperature and humidity profile of thunderstorm gale on 30th presented an inverted V-shaped structure, with a relatively large humidity in the middle layer and a dry lower layer, and the lapse rate of temperature is nearly dry adiabatic. The temperature and humidity profiles of thunderstorm gale on 31st show that the atmospheric stratification curve and dew point curve were close to each other below 850hPa, and the water vapor was abundant.;the above two were separated, and the dry layer was distinct, showing a funnel shape. In addition, the vertical wind shear of thunderstorm gale on 31st was larger, which was more conducive to the organization of convection.

关 键 词：雷暴大风 微下击暴流 飑线 环境条件 

分 类 号：O212.4[理学—概率论与数理统计]