基于分期定植的环境因子对日光温室番茄产量和生育期的影响  

Effects of Environmental Factors on Solar Greenhouse Tomato Yield and Growth Period in Different Planting Dates

作　　者：张向梅 乔凯[1] 高艳明[1,2] 李建设 惠翔[1] ZHANG Xiangmei;QIAO Kai;GAO Yanming;LI Jianshe;HUI Xiang(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan750021,China;Facility HorticultureEngineering Technique Center of Ningxia,Yinchuan750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏现代设施园艺工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《华北农学报》2019年第4期104-112,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：宁夏“十三五”重大科技项目(2016BZ0904);宁夏瓜菜产业技术协同创新中心

摘　　要：为了探索日光温室番茄的最佳定植期,并提出相应的丰产技术对策,从2017年2月27日至2018年1月27日,开展12期的分期定植试验,观测了番茄各生育期的环境因子、生育期和相应产量,分析各生育期因子与产量及生育期的相关性。结果表明:2017年4月27日和2017年5月27日定植的番茄全生育期最短,为105d,比2017年9月27日定植的番茄全生育期缩短了41.67%;平均最高气温、平均最低气温、平均气温、白天平均气温、夜晚平均气温、平均昼夜温差、平均土壤温度、平均光照度和平均相对湿度均是影响番茄生育期的关键环境因子。定植-开花期的平均最低气温和平均气温均与番茄产量呈显著负相关,相关系数均为-0.76;番茄产量与采收-拉秧期的平均昼夜温差、平均光照强度、平均最高气温和平均气温呈显著的正相关关系,且相关系数分别为0.90,0.81,0.75和0.71,说明温度是影响番茄产量的关键环境因子。通过各处理产量的对比得出,春茬定植期为2018年1月27日定植的番茄产量最高,为127437.45kg/hm^2,其次为2017年12月27日和2017年2月27日,分别为117674.25,115912.95kg/hm^2。秋茬定植期为2017年8月27日的番茄产量最高,为62007.90kg/hm^2,其次是2017年9月27日,为54532.95kg/hm^2。说明宁夏日光温室春茬番茄的最佳定植期是12月下旬-翌年2月上旬,该时期内环境因子有利于番茄产量的形成。秋茬番茄的最佳定植期是8月下旬-9月上旬,该生育期内,可通过降低定植-开花期的气温,增加采收-拉秧期的温度和光照强度,从而提高番茄的产量。In order to explore the optimal planting time for tomato,and propose the technical measures for tomato yield.The experiments of 12 planting dates were performed from February 27,2017 to January 27,2018 to observe environmental factors,growth period and corresponding production of tomato in each growth period.Then,we further analyzed the correlation between environmental factors and yield at different growth stage.The results showed that:the whole growth period of tomato planted on April 27,2017 and May 27,2017 was the shortest,105 d and it was shortened by 41.67%compared with the whole growth period of tomato planted on September 27,2017.The mean maximum temperature,mean minimum temperature,mean temperature and daytime mean temperature,mean temperature at night,mean temperature difference,mean soil temperature,mean light intensity and mean relative humidity are key environmental factors for the growth period of tomato.The mean minimum temperature and mean temperature were significantly and negatively correlated with tomato yield from planting dates to blossoming dates,with correlation coefficients of-0.76,respectively.Mean temperature difference,mean light intensity,mean maximum temperature and mean temperature,respectively,were significantly and positively correlated with tomato yield from harvesting dates to uprooting dates,with correlation coefficients of 0.90,0.81,0.75 and 0.71,respectively.So temperature is a key environmental factor affecting tomato yield.According to the comparison of the yields of each treatment,the highest production in spring appeared in the planting dates of January 27,2018,which was 127 437.45 kg/ha,followed by December 27,2017 and February 27,2017 which were 117 674.25,115 912.95 kg/ha respectively.The planting dates of autumn sorghum was the highest on August 27,2017 which was 62 007.90 kg/ha,followed by September 27,2017,which was 54 532.95 kg/ha.This indicates that the best planting dates of spring tomato in Ningxia greenhouse is from late December of the first year to early Febru

关 键 词：番茄 分期定植 环境因子 产量 生育期 

分 类 号：S641.01[农业科学—蔬菜学]