中间产品市场扭曲会阻碍能源产业全要素生产率提升吗——基于微观企业数据的理论与实证  

Will Intermediate Product Market Distortion Hinder the Improvement of Total Factor Productivity in Energy Industry——A Theoretical and Empirical Research Based on Micro-enterprise Data

作　　者：刘宗明[1] 吴正倩 LIU Zong-ming;WU Zheng-qian(School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2019年第8期42-60,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“资源错配视角下产能过剩内生演化机理及其对宏观经济波动的影响研究”（批准号15YJC790066）;山东省软科学研究计划项目“山东省‘美丽乡村’愿景下农业全要素生产率提升潜力与对策研究”（批准号2018RKE28013）;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“绿色税收的动态监测与统筹征管方式研究”（批准号19CX05027B）

摘　　要：资源错配是供给侧扭曲的重要表现,也是阻碍能源产业经济效率提升的重要羁绊。能源产业是国民经济发展的命脉,但其相对滞后的市场化进程阻碍了产业经济效率的提高。为了准确厘清资源错配对能源产业全要素生产率的影响,本文首先对能源产业现状进行了剖析,通过半参数估计发现能源行业存在着比较严重的资源错配扭曲。基于中国能源产业现状,本文提出了一个新的理论框架,不仅可以考虑传统的资源错配要素,而且能够对中间产品这一未涉领域的错配状态进行分析。基于中间产品框架的计算结果表明,忽略中间产品资源错配将导致TFP损失被低估33%以上。在理论计算基础上,本文利用1998—2007年的面板数据对中间产品扭曲的影响进行了实证研究,在控制关键变量后,结果仍然显示中间产品市场扭曲能够显著提高能源产业的资源错配程度,中间产品市场的扭曲度增加1%,能源产业的效率损失将提高2.2%—2.4%左右,稳健性检验进一步证实了这一结论。同时,就资本和劳动这两类传统意义上的错配因子而言,资本市场的扭曲程度也会显著降低资源配置效率,但劳动力市场扭曲的作用并不显著。另外,政府干预强度的增加也显著降低了能源产业的资源配置效率,这说明政府干预经济的方向和领域都需要进一步斟酌。本文的研究在理论和经验上就中间产品错配对能源产业全要素生产率的影响进行了详实的考察,这对于纠正能源产业的要素市场扭曲、科学引导和加强市场在资源配置中的决定性作用、全面提高资源配置效率和生产效率都具有重要的理论和政策意义。Misallocation is an important obstacle to the economic efficiency of the energy industry, indicating serious distortions in supply aside. In order to figure out the effect of misallocation on the total factor productivity, this paper analyzes the current status of the energy industry. Semi-parametric regression indicates that there are serious distortions in the energy industry. We propose a new theoretical framework based on the current situation, which can not only analyze the traditional factors, but also can consider the intermediate products. After using micro data of enterprises, the results shows that the productivity of energy industry would be underestimated by more than 35%, if ignored distortions in intermediate products. Based on theoretical analysis, this paper empirically study the effects of intermediate product distortions by using panel data from 1998 to 2007. The estimation results show that the distortion of intermediate products can significantly affect the status of resource allocation. The distortion index of intermediate products increases by 1%, the efficiency loss of the energy industry will increase by 2.2%-2.4%, and the conclusion has passed the robustness tests. In addition, the distortion of capital will also significantly reduce the efficiency of resource allocation while the effect of labor is not significant. What’s more, the government intervention is another critical factors in analyzing productivity efficiency, indicating that the direction and field of government intervention in the economy need to be further considered. This research has important theoretical and policy implications on correcting market distortions, strengthening the decisive role of market in resource allocation and improving efficiency and productivity.

关 键 词：资源错配 中间投入品 能源产业 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]