论国际海洋资源开发进程中的勤勉义务  

The Obligation of Due Diligence in the Exploitation of International Marine Resources

作　　者：张华[1] ZHANG Hua(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2019年第8期78-91,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“南海诸岛适用大陆国家远洋群岛制度的实证法基础及路径研究”(17BFX215)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：一般国际法上的勤勉义务构成国际习惯法规则,而且在诸多国际条约和国际法律文件中均有所体现,但该义务的内涵和外延始终处于“碎片化”状态。随着近年来国际司法机构相关咨询意见和司法裁决的增多,《联合国海洋法公约》中的勤勉义务得以揭示,其内涵与外延日渐清晰。勤勉义务与国际法律责任密切相关。不过,作为行为义务,加之适用标准灵活,国际海洋资源开发进程中的勤勉义务在实践中并不必然导致国际法律责任。勤勉义务的消极层面无需夸大,对于负责任的国家而言,该义务反倒是一种激励。在建设海洋强国的战略目标指引下,中国目前应积极采取措施以规制其管辖和控制下的深海采矿和远洋捕鱼活动,从而彰显重视海洋环境保护的“负责任大国”形象。The obligation of due diligence is a customary rule under general international law,which has been enshrined in numerous international treaties and legal documents,while its content and scope remain fragmented.With the accumulation of advisory opinion and judgment of international judicial bodies,such obligations in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has been uncovered,and its content and scope have gradually become clear.The obligation of due diligence is closely related to state responsibility.Nevertheless,as an obligation of conduct,the obligation of due diligence in the process of the exploitation of marine resources does not necessarily incur state responsibility in practice due to the flexible criteria in the application.Accordingly,the negative aspect of this obligation should not be exaggerated,and for those responsible states,the obligation would rather be an incentive.Under the guidance of the‘strategy of maritime powers’,China should take necessary measures to regulate deep seabed mining activities as well as offshore fishing activities within its jurisdiction or control,so as to display the image of a‘responsible great power’in respect of marine environment protection.

关 键 词：勤勉义务 国际法律责任 海洋资源开发 海洋环境保护 国际司法裁决 海洋强国战略 

分 类 号：D82[政治法律—政治学]