漫顶溃坝溃口变化规律试验研究  

Experimental study on the variation law of the collapse of the dam

作　　者：务境飞 刘小文[1] 叶仁强 陈嘉帅 杨熠 王建伟 Wu Jingfei;Liu Xiao wen;Ye Renqiang;Chen Jiashuai;Yang Yi;Wang Jianwei(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031 ,China;China State Construction International Investments (Jiangxi) Limited,Nanchang 330038 ,China;Science & Technology Research Center of Safety Production,Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330001,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌330031 [2]中建国际投资(江西)有限公司,江西南昌330038 [3]江西省安全生产科学技术研究中心,江西南昌330001

出　　处：《轻金属》2019年第8期7-14,共8页Light Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51268046);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(No.20151BAB203037,No.20161BAB206126);南昌大学研究生创新专项资金项目(CX2017072)

摘　　要：渍口的发展决定了尾矿库溃坝演进过程的快慢,从溃口着手研究溃坝发展过程显得尤为重要。通过不同坝高、不同流量下溃口变化规律试验和尾砂起动流速试验,分析了溃口变化机理、过程以及基于起动流速下溃口变化规律,结果表明:整个坝体从开始漫顶至最后稳定,大致可分为相互交叉、相互影响的五个阶段:细冲沟发育阶段;多级“陡坎”形成阶段;大“陡坎”形成阶段;溃口迅速发展阶段;溃决稳定阶段。随着坝高流量的增加,溃口最终宽度和深度也加大,且溃口宽度和深度成正相关发展,并随流量增加,溃口宽度发展越快于深度发展。结合起动流速试验,分析了流量800L/h,坝高19.5cm.26cm下溃口宽度的发展过程,前期水流流速远大于尾砂起动流速,溃口剧烈发展,随着水流流速因过流断面增大而减小,逐渐趋近于尾砂起动流速,溃口发展渐渐稳定直至结束。也验证了通过尾砂起动流速分析溃口变化规律的可行性。The breach development determines the evolution speed of dam breach of tailings reservoir. It is particularly important to study the development process of dam breach from the point of view of the breach. Based on the tests of breach change law under different dam height and discharge and test of tailings starting velocity, the mechanism and process of breach change are analyzed, and the rule of breach change based on starting velocity is obtained. It is concluded that it can be roughly divided into five stages, which are mutually intersecting and mutually influencing for the whole dam body from over -topping to final stability as the development stage of fine gullies;the formation of multistage" steep ridges";formation stage of large " steep ridge";rap id development stage of breach;stable stage of breach. The ultimate width and depth of breach also increase with the increase of high dam and the dis charge ,and the width and depth of breach develop positively. With the increase of discharge, the width of breach develops faster than the depth. Combi ning with the starting velocity test, the development process of the width of the breach under the discharge rate of 800 L/h and the dam height of 19. 5 cm and 26 cm is analyzed. In the early stage, the flow velocity is much higher than the starting velocity of tailings, and the breach develops sharply. With the increase of the cross section, the flow velocity decreases, and gradually approaches the starting velocity of tailings. The development of the breach gradual ly stabilizes until the end. It also verifies the feasibility of analyzing the law of breach change through the starting velocity of tailings.

关 键 词：溃坝机理 溃口形态 起动流速 过程分析 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TD926[矿业工程—选矿]