大鼠肠管制片方法的改进与优化  

Optimization of section methods for preservation of intestinal architecture in rats

作　　者：瞿文生 尹继业 王仪娜 张思明 董延生 王全军 QU Wen-sheng;YIN Ji-ye;WANG Yi-na;ZHANG Si-ming;DONG Yan-sheng;WANG Quan-jun(Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing100850,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所

出　　处：《军事医学》2019年第3期221-224,235,共5页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX09201008-001-002,2018ZX09711003-007,2018ZX09201017-003)

摘　　要：目的探讨大鼠肠管组织结构最佳石蜡制片方法。方法选择SD大鼠,对动物十二指肠、空肠中部、回肠和结肠等分别采用3种固定(直接、灌注、平铺)和2种修切(横切和纵切)相互结合的方法制作组织切片,并对结果进行比较。结果①采用直接固定法制作的小肠切片,其横切和纵切的黏膜层出现明显自溶;而大肠横切和纵切取材的黏膜层自溶均不明显,其横切制片的肠腺排列较好,而纵切制片的肠腺呈斜切面和横断面。灌注法固定小肠和大肠,黏膜层均未出现明显自溶。无论横切还是纵切,二者的肠腺均可见明显受挤压。②采用平铺法固定小肠,其横切和纵切制片均未发现自溶,但横切制片可在小肠的绒毛和肠腺处呈现组织的斜切面和横断面;纵切制片的肠绒毛和肠腺均垂直黏膜下层,排列更整齐;大肠的横切和纵切制片亦未发生组织自溶,而横切制片优于纵切,横切时肠腺均垂直黏膜下层,而纵切时肠腺可出现斜切面和横断面。结论大鼠小肠的肠管制片采用平铺固定和纵切取材制片是保留全层结构的最佳方法;制作大肠切片时,可根据实验要求,直接固定或平铺固定均可采用横切取材制片更适合保留全层结构。Objective To seek appropriate paraffin section methods for the preservation of intestinal architecture in rats. Methods Various combinations of three fixation procedures(direct,perfusion,or spreading)and two trimming methods(cross or longitudinal section)were compared for the optimization of section methods for small and large intestines of rats. Results With direct fixation of small intestines,followed by cross or longitudinal section,the mucosa was significantly autolyzed,but little autolysis was observed for large intestines. On the cross section of large intestines,the gland was well-oriented,but longitudinal section resulted in oblique and transverse sections on the intestinal gland. By fixative perfusion,neither mucosa of small and large intestines was autolyzed obviously,but their intestinal gland was distinctly extruded by cross or longitudinal section. With the spreading procedure,no autolysis was found on either cross or longitudinal sections of small and large intestines. Furthermore,cross section led to oblique and transverse sections on the villus and intestinal gland of small intestines. With longitudinal section,both the villus and intestinal gland were better arranged and perpendicular to the submucosa. For large intestines,cross section was demonstrated to be better than longitudinal section in that the former left the intestinal gland perpendicular to the submucosa while the latter produced oblique and transverse sections. Conclusion A combination of spreading fixation and longitudinal section is favorable for the preservation of the full architecture of small intestines. Both direct and spreading fixation methods are appropriate for large intestines,and trimming with cross section is a preferred choice for the preservation of its full architecture.

关 键 词：大鼠 肠管 石蜡制片 组织固定和修切 显微切片术 

分 类 号：R332[医药卫生—人体生理学]