Inclusions in melting process of titanium and titanium alloys  

作　　者：Meng-jiang Cen Yuan Liu Xiang Chen Hua-wei Zhang Yan-xiang Li 

机构地区：[1]Department of Materials Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2]Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

出　　处：《China Foundry》2019年第4期223-231,共9页中国铸造（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0301200)

摘　　要：This paper summarizes melting methods of titanium and titanium alloy, such as vacuum arc melting(VAR) and electron beam cold hearth melting(EBCHM), and the related inclusions formed when using these melting methods. Low-density inclusions are resulted from contamination of air, and high-density inclusions are caused by refractory elements. The formation process of inclusions was analysed. The removal mechanism of different kinds of inclusions was specified. Low-density inclusions are removed mainly by resolving. This is a comprehensive process containing reaction diffusion. The resolving rate of high-density inclusions is so low that these inclusions are mainly removed by sedimentation. The experiments and physical models of inclusions are detailed. In various melting methods, vacuum arc melting is prominent. However, this method cannot remove inclusions effectively, which usually results in repeat melting. Electron beam cold hearth melting has the best ability of removing inclusions. These results can provide instructions to researchers of titanium and titanium alloys.This paper summarizes melting methods of titanium and titanium alloy, such as vacuum arc melting(VAR) and electron beam cold hearth melting(EBCHM), and the related inclusions formed when using these melting methods. Low-density inclusions are resulted from contamination of air, and high-density inclusions are caused by refractory elements. The formation process of inclusions was analysed. The removal mechanism of different kinds of inclusions was specified. Low-density inclusions are removed mainly by resolving. This is a comprehensive process containing reaction diffusion. The resolving rate of high-density inclusions is so low that these inclusions are mainly removed by sedimentation. The experiments and physical models of inclusions are detailed. In various melting methods, vacuum arc melting is prominent. However, this method cannot remove inclusions effectively, which usually results in repeat melting. Electron beam cold hearth melting has the best ability of removing inclusions. These results can provide instructions to researchers of titanium and titanium alloys.

关 键 词：TITANIUM INCLUSIONS VACUUM ARC MELTING electron beam cold HEARTH MELTING 

分 类 号：TG146.23[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]