禁食软粪对新西兰白兔生长性能、毛皮质量、屠宰性状、脂代谢及盲肠微生物的影响  

Effect of fasting caecotrophy on growth performance,fur quality,slaughter index,lipid metabolism and cecal microbes of New Zealand white rabbits

作　　者：王亚东 孙帅杰 薛明明 黄涛[1] 周建设[1] 许会芬 王建平 孙桂荣[1] 李明[1] WANG Ya-dong;SUN Shuai-jie;XUE Ming-ming;Huang Tao;ZHOU Jian-she;XU Hui-fen;WANG Jian-ping;SUN Gui-rong;LI Ming(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046 China;Luoyang Xintai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.Ltd.,Luoyang,Henan 471400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,河南郑州450046 [2]洛阳鑫泰农牧科技有限公司,河南洛阳471400

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2019年第7期1388-1393,共6页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFD0502203);河南省现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(S2013-08-G01)

摘　　要：旨在研究禁食软粪对新西兰白兔生长性能、毛皮质量、屠宰指标及脂代谢及盲肠微生物的影响。选取12只平均体质量为(0.91±0.12)kg的28日龄断奶新西兰白兔,随机分为A、B 2组,每组6个重复。其中A组为对照组,正常饲养;B组为试验组,戴项圈禁食软粪。预试期7d,正式试验60d,每天称量采食量,每周称1次体质量。结果表明:1)禁食软粪显著降低了生长期新西兰白兔体增重、日增重、料重比(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,禁食软粪极显著降低了试验组新西兰白兔毛皮长度、毛皮宽度、毛皮质量(P<0.01),被毛长度和毛皮厚度差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)禁食软粪极显著降低了新西兰白兔全净膛质量和半净膛质量(P<0.01)。4)禁食软粪对新西兰白兔屠宰后45min和24h的pH值、剪切力、蒸煮损失、滴水损失无显著性影响(P>0.05)。5)与对照组相比,禁食软粪对试验组新西兰白兔高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白蛋白差异极显著(P<0.01),对总胆固醇差异显著(P<0.05),对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯及总蛋白差异不显著(P>0.05)。6)对2组兔子盲肠微生物进行宏基因组测序,结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度无显著性变化(P>0.05),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度增加,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)丰度减少。综合考虑本试验所测指标,禁食软粪降低了新西兰白兔的生长性能、毛皮质量、屠宰指标及肉品质。这为研究其他小型哺乳动物食粪行为提供了依据。This study was aimed to study the effect of preventing caecotrophy on growth performance, fur quality,slaughter index and meat quality in New Zealand white rabbits.Twelve,28-dayold weaned New Zealand white rabbits with an average weight of(0.91±0.12)kg were randomly divided into two groups A and B,6replicates in each group.Group A was a control group and was fed normally;group B was experimental group wearing collars to prevent caecotrophy.The pre-trail period was 7days and the formal experiment lasted 60days,weighing the feed intake every day and weighing them once a week.Preventing caecotrophy significantly reduced the body weight gain,daily gain and feed weight ratio during the growth period(P<0.05).In addition,it also decreased the fur length,fur width and fur weight of the rabbits(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in hair length and fur thickness (P > 0.05).Moreover,it also significantly reduced the total net weight and the half net weight of the test rabbits(P<0.01).4)There was no significant difference in pH,shear force,cooking loss and drip loss between preventing caecotrophy and control rabbits after slaughter at 45min and 24h(P>0.05).Compared to control group,the HDL,ALB and TC displayed significantly difference(P<0.05),the LPL and TP was no significant( P>0.05)in test group.The genome sequencing of cecal microbes in two groups of rabbits showed that there was no significant change in the abundance of Firmicutes (P>0.05),and the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased,while the abundance of Actinobacteria was reduced.In summary,our present study indicates that preventing caecotrophy could decrease the growth performance, fur quality,slaughter index and meat quality of rabbits.It provides a basis of studying the behavior of other small mammals.

关 键 词：禁食软粪 新西兰白兔 生长性能 毛皮质量 屠宰性状 肉品质 脂代谢 宏基因组 

分 类 号：S815.4[农业科学—畜牧学] S829.1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]