我国生活垃圾填埋场特征性问题原因分析与对策探讨  

Discussions and Suggestions on Characteristic Problems of Landfills in China

作　　者：程磊 刘意立 杨妍妍[3] 李昊 王洪涛[1] 刘建国[1] 岳东北[1] Cheng Lei;Liu Yili;Yang Yanyan;Li Hao;Wang Hongtao;Liu Jianguo;Yue Dongbei(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710064;Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100084;Department of Housing & Urban-Rural Development .Hebei,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050051)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064 [3]北京市环境保护监测中心,北京100048 [4]河北省住房和城乡建设厅,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2019年第4期1-4,共4页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901405);环保公益性行业科研专项(201509055);北京市生态环境局排放清单编制及日常更新维护项目(2017110001002105)

摘　　要：填埋是我国生活垃圾处理处置的最主要方式之一。我国在发展填埋技术过程中对发达国家的技术开发和应用实践经验借鉴较多,而未充分考虑我国垃圾高含水率高易降解有机质的特点,导致填埋场在运行过程中出现了许多特征性问题,包括渗沥液导排系统淤堵、场内渗沥液水位壅高、渗沥液处理难度高以及作业面非甲烷有机化合物释放量大等。分析结果表明,问题的根本原因在于我国现行填埋规范标准与我国垃圾特性存在不相适应之处。要解决以上问题,不仅要通过垃圾分类、垃圾预处理等方式来改善填埋垃圾特性,探索适合我国垃圾特性的填埋方式,同时也要加强基础研究、重新审视相关规范标准并加大资金投入。Landfill is one of the most predominant ways for treatment and disposal of domestic waste in China.In the process of developing landfill technology in our country,much experience of technological development and practical has been drawn from advanced countries,and unconsciously ignored the characteristics of Chinese domestic waste,which has been identified to be with high contents of moisture and easily degradable organic matter.As a result,characteristic problems have been occurred during the operation of landfills,including clogging of the leachate collection system,accumulation of water in site,difficult treatment of leachate,and large release of NMOCs on the working surface.It is concluded that the problems are mainly caused by the incompatibility of China’s domestic waste characteristics with current landfill regulations.To solve the above problems,it is not only to improve the characteristics of landfill by means of garbage classification and garbage pretreatment,explore suitable landfill methods for the characteristics of China’s domestic waste,but also to strengthen basic research,review relevant standards and increase the investment of funds.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 填埋场 标准规范 渗沥液 导排系统 非甲烷有机化合物 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X799.3