一九五四年至一九五八年间中共对台策略的调整探析  

A Study on Adjustments in the CPC’s Strategy on Taiwan (1954—1958)

作　　者：陈忠纯[1] Chen Zhongchun

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究院

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2019年第7期36-50,共15页CPC History Studies

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“新形势下推进两岸历史文化认同融合研究”(16JJDGAT002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：经过第一次台海危机的较量,中共对解放台湾的严峻形势有了直观的认识,由此确立解放台湾的战略安排,即强调统一国家任务的长期性、复杂性,明确解放台湾的斗争包含国内、国际两方面,既需要军事、外交斗争,又必须加强宣传、政治、经济工作,等等。据此,中共提出“两步走”,希望以“和平解放台湾”打破中美外交僵局,先行解决沿海岛屿问题。但随后中美谈判遇挫,中共的立场重新强硬起来,“和平解放台湾”的宣传随之止歇。“八二三”炮战后,中共发现有可能在“一个中国”的问题上与蒋介石达成默契,同时也认识到相对解放台湾,粉碎美国分裂中国的阴谋才是第一位的,因为这关乎民族大义。于是,中共调整策略,一方面重提“和平解放台湾”,推动“联蒋抗美”;另一方面将“两步走”改为沿海岛屿、台湾本岛二者都不动,留待将来统一解决。After the contest in the first Taiwan Strait Crisis, the CPC had an intuitive knowledge on the severe situation of liberating Taiwan, and then established the strategic arrangement of liberating Taiwan, focusing on the chronicity and complexity of unifying the country, and confirming that the struggle of liberating Taiwan included “domestic” and “international” two aspects, and not only the military and political struggle but also the publicity, political and economic work were necessary. On those grounds, the CPC presented “two-step” strategy, hoping to “liberate Taiwan in a peaceful way”, breaking the Sino-US diplomatic stalemate, and solving the problem on the costal islands first. However, since the subsequent Sino-US negotiation faltered, the CPC’s position was hardened again, and the publicity of “peacefully liberating Taiwan” was ceased. After the Kinmen Bombs, the CPC found that it was possible to reach a tacit understanding on “one China” with Chiang Kai-shek, and realized that compared with liberating Taiwan, smashing America’s conspiracy of splitting China was first, because it was about the noble cause for the entire nation. Then the CPC adjusted the strategy;on the one hand, it presented “liberating Taiwan in a peaceful way” again, promoting “uniting Chiang Kai-shek to resist America”, and on the other hand, it changed the “two-step” strategy, that is the costal islands and Taiwan island remained unchanged, left to be solved in the future.

关 键 词：台海危机 对台策略 民族大义 “和平解放台湾” 

分 类 号：K271[历史地理—历史学] D232[历史地理—中国史]