虫草资源、农牧民家庭与生计脆弱化——来自西藏398户农牧民家庭的微观数据  

Cordyceps Sinensis,Farmers-Herdsmen Families and Livelihood Vulnerability——Data of 398 Families in Tibet Autonomous Region

作　　者：王璐瑶 廖桂蓉[1] Wang Luyao;Liao Guirong(School of Economic, SouthwestMinzu University,Chengdu,610040,Sichuan, China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学经济学院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2019年第4期76-82,122-124,共10页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：四川省软科学项目“脆弱性视角下易地扶贫搬迁农户的后续生计与政策导向研究”(2017ZR0232)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：鉴于虫草收入已成为很多高原人赖以生存的主要经济来源,本文试图通过对虫草经济的分析关注其背后的社会民生问题。通过对有虫草收入的398户西藏农牧民家庭的特征进行分析,进而考察虫草收入与农牧民家庭特征之间的关系,探讨了不同的农牧民家庭特征变量对虫草采集量和虫草价格的影响。研究结果表明:虫草收入已成为398户农牧民家庭收入的主要组成部分;抚养比越低的、物质资产(土地、牲畜)越少的、仅从事农牧业生产的家庭,规模越大的放牧家庭,采集虫草的数量会更多。抚养比越高的、物质资产越少的、规模越大的家庭,在牧区的家庭,销售虫草的价格会越高;另外,相对于仅从事农业生产的家庭,兼顾非农工作的家庭能获得更高的销售价格。最后,我们也指出,虫草资源给农牧民家庭带来的不只是可观的经济收益,还带来了生计脆弱化等问题。When the market economy entered the lives of ordinary families living in the Tibetan plateau,people began to pay more attention to the cordyceps sinensis( popularly known as the caterpillar fungus) that grows on the plateau,and the cordyceps sinensis economy gradually became the main economic source for the survival of many people. However,because it is influenced by government policies, ecological environment and other factors,the cordyceps economy is unstable,a factor which affects the livelihoods of the families of many farmers and herders living in the high plateau area. If the cordyceps economy disappears,it will endanger the livelihoods of millions of people.These problems are worthy of our attention. Fortunately,many experts and scholars at home a abroad have begun to pay close attention to the economic phenomenon of cordyceps and the impact of cordyceps sinensis on the livelihoods of Tibetan farmers and herders. However,at present,only a few scholars have applied a quantitative method of analysis to investigate the relationship between cordyceps sinensis and the livelihoods of Tibetan farmers and herders. In view of this,based on the data gathered from questionnaires from the families of 398 farmers and herders with income deriving from cordyceps in the Tibet Autonomous Region,this paper,using a quantitative methodology,analyzes the relationship between characteristics of these families and cordyceps sinensis. The influence of the characteristic variables of different families on the quantity and price of cordyceps sinensiswere discussed. This paper is also concerned about structural poverty and the fragility of the livelihoods of farmers and herders caused by relying on the single income from collecting cordyceps.Specifically,through the quantitative analysis of these 398 families with income derived from cordyceps,we found that: Firstly,in the primary cordyceps producing areas of Tibet Autonomous Region,income from cordyceps has become the main component of the income of the families of the farmers and

关 键 词：冬虫夏草 农牧民家庭 生计脆弱化 

分 类 号：F127.8[经济管理—世界经济]