保定市室外环境大气PM2.5中重金属的健康风险及PM2.5来源分析  

Health risks of heavy metals in atmospheric PM2.5 in outdoor environment of Baoding and analysis of PM2.5 sources

作　　者：于平 孙家仁 张烃[3] 董树屏[3] 于跃[3] 曹冠 仲少鑫 谭海萍 李辉[4] 郭庶 YU Ping;SUN Jia-ren;ZHANG Ting;DONG Shu-ping;YU Yue;CAO Guan;ZHONG Shao-xin;TAN Hai-ping;LI Hui;GUO Shu(Jinzhou Medical University,School of public health,Jinzhou Liaoning 121001,China)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁锦州121001 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室,广东广州510535 [3]国家环境分析测试中心,北京100029 [4]华东理工大学,上海200237

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第16期2914-2920,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0206204);广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx021-201510-009)

摘　　要：目的掌握保定市夏季室外环境大气PM2.5中8种重金属健康风险并分析保定市夏季室外环境大气PM2.5的主要来源。方法对保定市6个不同城市背景点及人群活动较频繁的12个室外微环境的PM2.5进行连续监测并进行组分分析;应用美国环境保护署(US EPA)推荐的模型开展健康风险评价,同时利用城市背景点PM2.5中有机碳OC与元素碳EC相关性和二次有机碳SOC的定量分析结果,对保定市夏季环境空气中PM2.5主要来源进行分析。结果城市背景点调查发现,保定市夏季室外环境大气PM2.5污染较轻,但健康风险评价表明,PM2.5中大多数重金属致癌风险仍不可接受,铬的致癌风险最高,为2.10×10^-4~7.35×10^-4。对人群经常活动的室外微环境精细化风险评估发现,镉致癌风险相比于城市背景点有所增加,并且铬的致癌风险均高达10^-4数量级。城市背景点夏季环境大气PM2.5中OC、EC相关性较好并且SOC/OC为40.5%,说明保定市夏季OC主要来源于一次排放。结论对室外微环境进行精细化的健康风险评价,相比于城市背景点更能精确反映人群暴露的真实健康风险。铬对人群的健康危害最大,应引起重视。保定市夏季PM2.5污染以一次源为主,控制一次源排放是保定市整体治理PM2.5污染与控制健康风险来源的关键措施。同时也要考虑人群活动的不同室外微环境的特殊性,进行有针对性的风险防范。Objective To master the health risks of eight heavy metals in summer outdoor environment atmospheric PM2.5 in Baoding and analyze the main sources of PM2.5 in summer outdoor environment atmosphere in Baoding. Methods PM2.5 of six different urban backspots and twelve outdoor microenvironments with more frequent crowd activity in Baoding was continuously monitored and analyzed for its components. Using the model recommended by the US EPA to conduct health risk assessment, the main sources of PM2.5 in summer ambient air in Baoding were analyzed by using the correlation between OC and EC in PM2.5 and the quantitative analysis results of SOC in PM2.5. Results It was found that the atmospheric PM2.5 pollution in the outdoor environment of Baoding was relatively light in summer through the survey of urban backspots, but the health risk assessment found that most of the heavy metals in PM2.5 are still unacceptable for carcinogenic risk, and chromium has the highest carcinogenic risk, which is 2.10×10^-4~7.35×10^-4. The refinement risk assessment of outdoor microenvironment for frequent crowed activities found that the carcinogenic risk of cadmium increased compared to urban backspots, and the carcinogenic risk of chromium was as high as 10^-4 orders of magnitude. The urban backspots environment atmospheric PM2.5 has a good correlation between OC and EC in summer, and has a SOC/OC of 40.5%, indicating that the summer OC in Baoding mainly derives from primary emission. Conclusion Compared with the assessment of health risk in urban backspots,the assessment of health risk in outdoor microenvironment can more accurately reflect the real health risk caused by exposure. Chromium is the most harmful to the health of the population and attention is paid to chromium pollution. The main source of PM2.5 pollution in summer in Baoding is primary emission. Controlling primary source emission is the key measure to control PM2.5 pollution and control health risk sources in Baoding. At the same time, we should also consider the partic

关 键 词：PM2.5 来源分析 城市背景点 室外微环境 重金属 健康风险评价 保定 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]