草根的力量:“互联网”(Internet)概念演进历程及其中国命运——互联网思想史的梳理  

The Power of Grass Roots:The Evolution of the Concept of Internet and Its Fate in China The Combing of the History of Internet Thought

作　　者：方兴东[1] 钟祥铭[1] 彭筱军 Fang Xingdong;Zhong Xiangming;Peng Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]浙江传媒学院互联网与社会研究院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2019年第8期43-61,127,共20页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“全球互联网50年发展历程、规律和趋势的口述史研究”(项目编号:18ZDA319)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：“互联网”(Internet)是当今社会人们最熟悉的词汇,但其诞生和演变却充满混淆、争议和冲突。论文深入考察互联网50年发展历程,辨析“互联网”(Internet)这个概念的演进历程、内涵变化和历史争议。“互联网”(Internet)概念的历史,是一部技术创新和扩散史,也是一部时代文化和思想史。无论在全球还是中国,这个概念的演进如同互联网本身的发展,体现了自由开放、去中心化和用户驱动等自下而上的草根力量,始终与权威、政治和商业等自上而下传统体制的力量展开博弈与竞争的特点。考察这个概念走过的不平凡历程,可以更深刻地理解互联网革命的本质,汲取中外经历的教训,弥合自上而下的精英人士和自下而上的普遍大众之间的认知鸿沟,更好地理解和应对未来的挑战。Internet is the most influential and relevant vocabulary in today's society. But its origin and evolution are full of confusions, controversies and conflicts. This paper investigates the development of the internet in the past 50 years, and distinguishes the evolution, connotation changes and historical disputes over the concept of internet. The history of the concept of internet is not only a history of technological innovation and diffusion, but also a cultural and ideological history of the times. Whether globally or in China, the evolution of the term, like the development of the internet itself, embodies the characteristics of a bottom-up grassroots driving force, such as freedom and openness, decentralization, and user-driven. It always plays a game and competes with the power of traditional top-down systems such as authorities, politics and commerce. By examining the extraordinary path of this concept, we can have a deeper understanding of the essence of the internet revolution, draw lessons from Chinese and foreign experiences, bridging the cognitive gap between top-down elite and the bottom-up general public. This way we can better understand and respond to future challenges.

关 键 词：互联网 INTERNET 因特网 阿帕网(ARPANET) 万维网 

分 类 号：C913.4[经济管理] G206[社会学]