秸秆覆盖下油菜间作紫云英的土壤微环境效应  

Effects of Chinese milk vetch intercropping with rapeseed under straw mulching on soil microenvironment

作　　者：周泉[1,2] 陈娇[1] 石超[1] 邢毅[1] 马淑敏[1] 张小短[1] 王龙昌 ZHOU Quan;CHEN Jiao;SHI Chao;XING Yi;MA Shu-min;ZHANG Xiao-duan;WANG Long-chang(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Eco-environments inThree Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture,Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400716, China;Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心,重庆400716 [2]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第4期193-199,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127);国家自然科学基金项目(31271673)

摘　　要：为探索绿肥紫云英在我国西南地区旱地的应用前景,通过秸秆覆盖下种植紫云英,探讨其对土壤微环境的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖可显著提高10 cm土层农田土壤温度,在整个生育期内平均可提高0.11℃,同时间作紫云英显著提高了油菜苗期10 cm处的土壤温度,且在秸秆覆盖下表现更为明显;秸秆覆盖对0~5 cm土层土壤含水量和土壤电导率的影响较小,紫云英单作显著提高了0~5 cm土层土壤含水量,其平均土壤含水量为0.26 m^ 3 ·m ^-3 ,而紫云英油菜间作则降低了0~5 cm土层土壤含水量和土壤电导率,其平均土壤含水量和土壤电导率分别为 0.24 m ^3 ·m ^-3 和0.16 dS·m ^-1 。另外,不同种植模式对农田土壤养分的影响主要体现在玉米季,而且种植紫云英对油菜季和玉米季的土壤养分综合评价均较好,秸秆覆盖下紫云英单作评价值最高,其中油菜季为1.101,玉米季为 1.214 。可见,西南旱地秸秆覆盖下种植紫云英可改善农田土壤水热环境,同时有较好的土壤养分综合评价效果。In order to explore the application of green manure on upland in southwestern China through plantingChinese milk vetch under straw mulching, we compared effects on soil microenvironment. The purpose was to provide a theoretical basis for the feasibility of planting Chinese milk vetch in rapeseed field. The soil hydrothermal factor and soil nutrient were examined. Results showed that straw mulching significantly improve the soil temperature of farmland at 10 cm, 0.11℃ in the whole growth stage. And intercropping can significantly improve the soil temperature of farmland at 10 cm in the seedling stage, more significantly with straw mulching. The effect of straw mulching on soil moisture and soil conductivity in 0~5 cm was small, but the soil moisture content of the soil was improved by 0.26 m 3 ·m ^-3 in Chinese milk vetch monoculture and the soil moisture and soil conductivity were decreased by 0.24 m 3 ·m ^-3 and 0.16 dS·m ^-1 inintercropping. Furthermore, the effects of different planting patterns on soil nutrients were mainly reflected in maize season. The comprehensive effect of soil nutrients in rape season and maize season by planting Chinese milk vetch was better than any other treatments. The nutrient comprehensive evaluation value(NCEV)was 1.101 in rape season and 1.214 in maize season with Chinese milk vetch monoculture and straw mulching treatment. In conclusion, the soil hydr^othermal microenvironment was improved effectively by planting Chinese milk vetch under straw mulching, and the comprehensive effect of soil nutrient was preferably.

关 键 词：紫云英 油菜 秸秆覆盖 土壤水热因子 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S344.2