施磷量对增氧条件下水稻根系酸性磷酸酶活性及产量的影响  

Effect of Phosphorus Application on Activity of Root Acid Phosphatase and Yield of Rice under Oxygenatio

作　　者：刘崇现 张文萍[1,2,3] 周卫军[2] 张文俊[1] 闫丽君 LIU Chongxian;ZHANGWenping;ZHOUWeijun;ZHANGWenjun;YAN Lijun(College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resources Using,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Wenshui Natural Resources Bureau,Wenshui 032100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学工学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学作物种质创新与资源利用重点实验室,长沙410128 [4]山西省文水县自然资源局,山西文水032100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2019年第7期32-37,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：作物种质创新与资源利用重点实验室科学基金开放项目(15KFXM04);湖南省教育厅重点项目(77A094);湖南省科技计划项目(2018JJ3243);国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFG91190);国家自然科学基金项目(31272248,31401951);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2014ZX07602-004)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨水稻根系酸性磷酸酶活性对增氧条件下施磷量的响应机制,明确水稻产量与根系酸性磷酸酶活性的相关性。【方法】以杂交水稻C两优608为材料进行盆栽试验,设置4个磷肥(P2O5)施用水平,P1(0g/株)、P2(3.23g/株)、P3(6.46g/株)、P4(9.70g/株),分蘖期至灌浆期设置2种灌溉方式,即NO(不增氧灌溉)和O(增氧灌溉),测定了水稻根系酸性磷酸酶活性和产量指标,分析了根系酸性磷酸酶活性与产量的响应关系。【结果】随着施磷量的增加,增氧条件下理论产量、有效穗数与千粒质量均先降低后升高,而每穗粒数呈现先升高后降低趋势;分蘖期与拔节孕穗期根系酸性磷酸酶活性随施磷量的增加而降低,灌浆期根系酸性磷酸酶活性呈现先升高后降低;增氧条件下千粒质量与灌浆期根系酸性磷酸酶活性显著负相关,结实率与拔节孕穗期根系酸性磷酸酶活性显著正相关。【结论】不外加磷肥情况下,增氧方式可显著增加水稻理论产量、有效穗数及千粒质量,施磷量的增加反而抑制水稻产量形成,6.46g/株(90kg/hm2)为增氧条件下理论产量、有效穗数、千粒质量、每穗粒数阈值,根系酸性磷酸酶活性是增氧条件下水稻响应根际增氧及磷素吸收的重要指标。【Objective】The redox in soil controls plant growth and soil nutrient dynamics. The objective of this paper is to experimentally study the effect of phosphorous application and oxygenation on activity of root acid phosphatase and rice yield.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots. We used the hybrid variety of C Liangyou 608 as model plant and P2O5 as the P fertilizer. We examined four P application levels: 0 g/plant (P1), 3.23 g/plant (P2), 6.46 g/plant (P3) and 9.70 g/plant (P4), and two irrigation methods: conventional irrigation without adding oxygen (NO) and with oxygenation(O). For each treatment, we measured the root acid phosphatase activity and the rice yield.【Result】With P application increasing, both effective panicle number and 1000- grain weight decreased first followed by a rise, while the grain number per panicle changed in opposite direction. Increasing P application suppressed root acid phosphatase activity at both tillering and jointing stage. At filling stage, increasing P application first promoted enzymatic activity and then suppress it if too much P was applied into the soil. Overall, seed setting was correlated with root acid phosphatase activity at jointing stage at significant level, while the 1000-grain weight rate was correlated with root acid phosphatase activity at filling stage at significant level under oxygenation.【Conclusion】Oxygenation alone can significantly increase the yield, effective spike number and 1000-grain weight at the price of reducing grain number per panicle. On the contrary, increasing P application inhibited formation of yield. The theoretical yield of the rice was 6.46 g/plant (equivalent to 90 kg/hm2) under oxygenation. Our results suggested that the effective panicle number, 1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle can be used as indicators to assess the efficacy of oxygenation. The root acid phosphatase activity under oxygenation is an important indicator for response of rhizosphere activity to oxygenation and phosphorus application.

关 键 词：施磷量 根系酸性磷酸酶活性 产量指标 超级稻 增氧灌溉 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]