20世纪50年代上海工人家庭生活水平的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Living Standard of Shanghai Workers’ Families in the 1950s

作　　者：林超超[1] Lin Chaochao

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2019年第5期48-62,共15页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“阶级身份与上海工人的物质生活研究(1949—1965)”(14CZS022)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立之后,工人阶级在获得较高政治地位的同时,也获得了较稳定的工作岗位和制度化的工资福利收入。对1949年后工人家庭生活水平的考量,需要综合考虑货币工资收入及购买力、非工资性收入、供养人口等因素。本文认为,20世纪50年代受工资标准调整、供养人口增长、物价上涨等因素的影响,上海工人家庭的生活水平并没有实现与工业生产的同步发展。原本工资水平较高的上海,在历次政策性的工资调整中,工人的先天优势不断丧失。虽然各项福利保障体系的建立,体现了社会主义国家对工人阶级的政策倾斜,但面对不断膨胀的工人阶级队伍和高额的成本负担,这一国家供给对于提高工人家庭的生活水平终归是有限的。不论是工资标准的制定,还是福利保障的供给,国家都更趋向于采取低标准和平均化。After the founding of the People s Republic of China, the working class, while gaining a higher political status, has also obtained more stable jobs and institutionalized wage and welfare income. When considering the living standard of workers families after 1949, we need to consider the factors of monetary wage income, purchasing power, non-wage income and supportable population. In the 1950s, affected by factors such as adjustment of wage standards, growth of supportable populations, and the rise in prices, the living standard of Shanghai workers families did not achieve the synchronous development with industrial production. In Shanghai, where the original wage level is relatively high, workers innate advantages have been losing in previous policy-oriented wage adjustments. The establishment of various welfare security systems reflects the policy preference of socialist countries towards the working class. However, due to the growth of working class and the high cost burden, this state supply is ultimately limited to improve the living standards of workers families. Whether in the formulation of wage standards or in the provision of welfare security, the state tends to adopt low standards and equalization.

关 键 词：上海工人家庭 生活水平 工资收入 非工资性收入 供养人口 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]