悬浮议会、全民公投和政党政治结构性问题——英国脱欧背后的政治逻辑  

Hung Parliaments, Referendums and Structural Problems of Political Parties: The Political Logic in the Shadow of Brexit

作　　者：周淑真[1] 孙润南 Zhou Shuzhen;Sun Runnan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院政治学系,北京市100872 [2]墨尔本大学政治学系,墨尔本3000

出　　处：《政治学研究》2019年第4期2-12,M0002,共12页CASS Journal of Political Science

摘　　要：英国脱欧已终结两位首相的政治生命,议会不但没有达成共识的预兆,反而因为首相人选、欧盟议会选举英国国内政治分歧进一步加剧。政党本身聚合社会分歧的功能下降,导致无法凝聚选民共识而产生悬浮议会,“行政权—立法权”之间由绝对多数政党占据议会并组阁而形成的协同机制遭到破坏,一党少数派内阁及其党内分裂,加之司法介入,最终导致“议行”关系被彻底重塑。执政党为获得更好的授权基础,或借助人民主权的表达工具—全民公投,或开启提前大选,但两次失败的尝试又进一步削弱了执政党的行政能力,人民主权的合法性与公共权力的正当性之间的矛盾纠结,执政党与反对党之间的否决对抗,最终导致政党政治出现的结构性问题,这是英国脱欧困境背后的政治逻辑。Brexit has ended two prime ministers political lives. But it seems there are still no signs of reaching a consensus in the parliament. On the contrary, the national political divergence of the next Prime Minister candidates and the EU Parliament Election has become further intensified. For political parties, their functional decline in aggregating social differences has led to the failure in converging the voters’ consensus and thus create a hung parliament. The coordination mechanism of “executive-legislative” relationship running by an absolute majority party in the parliament has been destroyed. The inner party divergence of the minority Conservative Party cabinet and the judicial involvement have eventually reconstructed the “parliament-government” relationship. In order to have a more solid authorization basis, the ruling party tried to rely on the expression of popular sovereignty-referendum or an early election. These two failures have further weakened the administrative capacity of the Conservative Party. The contradiction between the legitimacy of the people's sovereignty and the legitimacy of public power, the veto confrontation between the ruling party and the opposition parties, ultimately leading to the structural problems of party politics, is the political logic behind Brexit dilemma.

关 键 词：英国脱欧 悬浮议会 全民公投 政党政治 

分 类 号：D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D814.1[政治法律—外交学]