选举制度的复合化:基于第三波民主化国家的实证研究  

The Compositing Tendency of Electoral Systems: Based on an Empirical Study of the Third Wave of Democratization

作　　者：包刚升[1] Bao Gangsheng

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《政治学研究》2019年第4期13-29,M0002,共18页CASS Journal of Political Science

摘　　要：选举制度是第三波民主化国家的一项重要制度设计。比例代表制尽管是在第三波民主化国家分布最广的选举制度,却并没有普遍地导致极化多党制。这是因为采用比例代表制的大多数第三波民主化国家选择的是复合型的比例代表制,即通过缩减选区规模与设置政党当选门槛,来降低选举制度的比例代表性程度,从而避免政党体制的碎片化。进一步说,在第三波民主化中,不仅是比例代表制出现了复合化的趋势,而且选举制度在整体上都出现了复合化与合流的趋势,包括多数决定制向其他选举制度的转型、混合制选举制度的崛起以及比例代表制的复合化,其目的是通过选举制度设计来更好地实现政府效能与代表性之间的平衡。The electoral system is an important institutional design for young democracies. Although the proportional representation system was the most widely distributed in the third wave of democratization, it didn’t lead to many polarized multiparty systems. This was because most third-wave democratic countries, which adopted the proportional representation system, usually chose a compositing proportional representation system which reduced the proportionality of the electoral system by cutting down the district magnitude and setting the threshold for political parties, in order to avoid the fragmentation of party systems. Furthermore, in the third wave of democratization, not only the proportional representation system had a tendency to becoming a compositing proportional representation system, but also almost all of the young democracies, on the whole, had a composting or convergence tendency of electoral system, including the transformation of the plurality/majority system to other electoral systems, the rise of the mixed electoral system, and the compositing transformation of proportional representation system, which aimed to balance the relation between government effectiveness and representativeness through institutional design of electoral systems.

关 键 词：选举制度 政党体制 比例代表制 第三波民主化 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]