国外吹哨人保护制度及启示  

The Whistleblower Protection System Overseas and Its Implications

作　　者：彭成义[1] Peng Chengyi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所

出　　处：《政治学研究》2019年第4期42-54,M0003,共14页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“我国预防腐败体制机制的国际借鉴研究”(15CDJ003)的研究成果

摘　　要：当前中国反腐败斗争的任务是巩固发展反腐败斗争压倒性胜利,取得更大战略性成果。在这种背景下,健全“吹哨人保护制度”无疑是一项极好的制度化选择。国外在这方面有着比较丰富的理论和实践经验,但是学界对其研究和讨论相对较少并且缺少系统性和深度。从国外经验看,吹哨人保护制度不仅有利于实现个人自由和民主权利,而且有助于维护社会公共安全和利益,提升企业和民间组织的社会责任。该制度能满足改善政治生态的系统性需求,补充完善以自体监督为主的监督体系,消解社会资本负向作用,切合全面深化改革目标追求,助力培育公民公共精神和推进民主政治建设,提升中国的国际“履约”形象。因此,通过系统梳理国外吹哨人保护制度的历史沿革、立法框架、保护对象、保护领域、保护内容、受理及审查、跟进与救济、宣介与激励、以及定期评估,建议重点加强对举报的权利本位认知,加快推进专门立法,对制度执行进行查漏加固,有效提升制度的宣介与激励,并运用大数据等对制度进行定期评估和调整。The task of China’s current anti-corruption struggle is to consolidate and develop the overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle and achieve greater strategic results. In this context, to ameliorate the whistleblower protection system is undoubtedly an excellent institutionalized strategic choice. Foreign countries have rich theoretical and practical experiences in this respect, but the research and discussion in this field is relatively rare and lacks systematicness and depth. Based on the experiences of foreign countries, the whistle-blower protection system is not only conducive to the realization of individual liberty and democratic rights, but also helps to maintain social public security and interests, and enhance the social responsibility of enterprises and civil organizations. For present China, the system can meet the systemic needs of improving political ecology, supplement and improve the supervision system featured on self-supervision, eliminate the negative role of social capital, match the goals of comprehensively deepening reform, help to cultivate civic virtue and advance democratic politics, and enhance China’s international image. Therefore, through systematic review of the historical evolution, legislative framework, protection objects, protection areas, protection content, acceptance and review, follow-up and remedy, promotion and incentives, and periodic assessments of the whistleblower protection system overseas, the article recommends that China should focus on strengthening the rights-based cognition of the system, speeding up specialized legislation, checking and strengthening the system implementation, effectively improving the system’s promotion and incentives, and using tools such as big data to regularly evaluate and adjust the system.

关 键 词：吹哨人保护制度 预防腐败 举报人保护 政治生态 反腐败 

分 类 号：D523[政治法律—政治学]