纵向分权与中国成就:一个多级所有的解释  

Vertical Separation of Powers and China’s Achievements: A Explanation of Multi-level Ownership

作　　者：李风华 Li Fenghua

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学马克思主义学院 [2]湖南师范大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院

出　　处：《政治学研究》2019年第4期112-124,M0005,共14页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：2014年度国家万人计划项目“当代中国治理模式研究”(项目主持人:王浦劬);湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目“纵向分权理论视域中的县政改革研究”(15K077)的研究成果

摘　　要：探讨中华人民共和国成立70年成就的促成因素时,不可忽略经济社会管理领域中事权的纵向分权。现有文献在对中国纵向分权之于经济社会发展影响的评价上存在对立,对立双方论者的方法论却是一致的:基于蒂布特模型的联邦主义。蒂布特模型构建了一个地方政府充分竞争并导致最优的地方公共产品供给的机制,本质上是美国式纵向分权的联邦主义的理论表达。蒂布特模型以事务性质进行纵向分权,它不符合中国以重要性程度作为基本依据的纵向分权,后者的原则表述为“统一领导,分级管理”。中国纵向分权的成功,从实践层面来看,是因为它能够有效地应对动态、非常态以及跨区域事务治理的挑战。而从根本上讲,是因为它符合人类事务多级所有这一客观存在的普遍现象。多级所有应当成为我们理解社会经济现象的一般性理论。The vertical separation of powers is an important factor for the China’s achievements during the 70 years after its liberation. Although the literature about this subject divides on the evaluations of its performance, the paradigm among the opposing parties is the same, federalism based on the Tiebout model. The Tiebout model, the ideal type of American vertical separation of powers, is a mechanism of local government’s competition leading to optimal provision of local public goods. The rationale of the Tiebout model is separation of powers by nature of human affairs, which does not conform to the fact of China’s vertical separation of powers by priorities of human affairs. Unified leadership and decentralized management is the principle of Chinese practice. China’ vertical separation of powers is successful, because it could deal with the dynamic, abnormal and inter-regional public affairs effectively. Fundamentally, the system works well for the universal existence of multi-level ownership of human affairs. The multi-level ownership theory could be a general theoretical instrument for understanding social and economic phenomena.

关 键 词：纵向分权 联邦主义 按重要性程度分权 多级所有 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]