土建场地和建材的生物改良技术研究进展  

Biological Improvement Technology for Civil Construction Sites and Building Materials :A Review

作　　者：郝大程[1] 鲁兰兰 HAO Da-cheng;LU Lan-lan(Biotechnology Institute,School of Environment and Chemical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028;School ofCivil Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学环境化工学院生物技术研究所,大连116028 [2]大连交通大学土木工程学院,大连116028

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2019年第9期61-69,共9页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20180550190);2019年辽宁省教育万科学研究经费项目(自然科学类基础项目)

摘　　要：近年来,建造生物技术,尤其是建材和土建场地的生物改良技术的各个方面开始形成一个新的跨学科领域,涉及环境和工业微生物学、生物地球化学,以及生物技术在岩土工程和土木/环境工程中的多方面应用。概述土建场地和建材的微生物技术改良研究和应用进展,讨论建造相关的生物地球化学过程:生物聚集可用于控制风土侵蚀和粉尘排放;生物结壳、生物堵塞和土壤生物黏固各自具有不同的机理和使用方式;其他新颖的土地改良方式,如水饱和无黏性土壤的生物去饱和,软土的生物胶囊化和土壤污染物的生物固定化等各自具有独特的机制和优点。目前绝大多数微生物岩土工程研究仍停留在实验室阶段,需要更多努力将科学理念转化为可行的技术。因此,撰写本文目的是概述土建场地和建材的微生物技术改良研究和应用进展,讨论相关研究者和工程师需要了解的建造相关微生物过程,简要讨论各种现场应用的设计原则和注意事项。Various aspects of construction biotechnology,especially biological improvement technology for civil construction sites and building materials,have formed a new interdisciplinary field involving environmental and industrial microbiology,biogeochemistry,as well as the application of biotechnology in geotechnical and civil/environmental engineering. This paper summarizes the progress of research and application of microbial technology improvement in civil engineering sites and building materials,and discusses the biogeochemical processes related to construction. Bioaggregation can be used to control wind erosion and dust emission. Biocrusting,bioclogging and soil biocementation have different mechanisms and use modes. Other novel ground improvement methods,such as biodesaturation of water-saturated cohesionless soil,bioencapsulation of soft soil and bioimmobilization of soil pollutants,have their own unique mechanisms and advantages. At present,the most microbial geotechnical engineering research is still in the laboratory stage,and more efforts are needed to transform scientific concepts into feasible technologies. Therefore,this article aims to summarize the research and application progress of microbial technology improvement in civil construction sites and materials,to discuss the microbial processes related to construction that relevant researchers and engineers need to understand,and to briefly discuss the design principles and precautions of various field applications.

关 键 词：土建场地 建材 微生物技术 改良 

分 类 号：TU472[建筑科学—结构工程]