玉米秸秆配施菌剂还田对土壤养分及腐殖质组成的影响  

Effects of corn straw combined with microbial inoculum on soil nutrient and humus composition

作　　者：陆水凤 王呈玉[1,2] 王天野 常洪艳 高云航 刘淑霞[1,2] LU Shui-feng;WANG Cheng-yu;WANG Tian-ye;CHANG Hong-yan;GAO Yun-hang;LIU Shu-xia(College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, Changchun 130118, China;College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,吉林长春130118 [3]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2019年第4期834-840,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20160307006NY);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300405-4);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-38);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20170101077JC)

摘　　要：实验室模拟低温条件下,研究玉米秸秆配施不同菌剂(低温菌剂、常温菌剂)还田处理,对玉米秸秆失重率、土壤养分以及腐殖质组成的影响,为低温地区秸秆还田提供科学依据。本试验共设置4个处理,分别为CK:玉米秸秆;L:玉米秸秆+低温菌剂;M:玉米秸秆+常温菌剂;LM:玉米秸秆+低温菌剂+常温菌剂,每个处理3次重复,放置在培养箱中12℃黑暗条件下分别培养15 d、30 d、40 d、50 d和60 d。结果表明:与CK相比,配施菌剂有利于玉米秸秆的降解以及土壤速效养分的增加,改善土壤腐殖质品质,除失重率、pH和胡敏酸指标外,处理LM效果最好。随着培养时间的延长,土壤pH和有机碳呈先下降后逐渐上升的变化趋势,秸秆失重率和土壤速效磷含量逐渐增加,而土壤速效钾无明显的变化。与其他处理相比,处理LM腐殖质品质有所提高。低温条件下,秸秆配施菌剂还田可以促进秸秆降解,改善土壤理化性质,尤其是低温菌剂+常温菌剂处理。本研究为寒冷地区秸秆还田提供理论依据。The effects of different microbial inoculum on the weightlessness rate, soil nutrients and humus composition of corn straw were studied under low temperature conditions in laboratory, which provided a scientific basis for straw returning to field in low temperature areas. Four treatments were set up in this experiment, corn straw (CK), corn straw and low temperature inoculant (L) corn straw and normal temperature inoculum (M), corn straw and low temperature inoculant and normal temperature inoculum (LM). Each treatment was triplicate, and incubated in the incubator for 15 d, 30 d, 40 d, 50 d and 60 d at constant-temperature in dark. The results showed that compared with CK, straw combined with microbial agent was beneficial to the degradation of corn straw and the increase of soil available nutrients, and improved the quality of soil humus. Except for weightlessness rate, pH and humic acid index, the treatment of LM had the best effect. With the extension of incubation time, soil pH and organic carbon content decreased first and then increased gradually, straw weightlessness rate and soil available phosphorus content increased gradually, while soil available potassium content did not change significantly. Compared with other treatments, the quality of humus in the treatment of LM was improved. Under low temperature conditions, straw combined with microbial agents can promote straw degradation, improve soil physical and chemical properties, especially LM treatment, which provides theoretical basis for straw returning to the field in cold areas.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 低温菌剂 常温菌剂 速效养分 腐殖质 富里酸 胡敏酸 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]