可拉伸超级电容器碳基复合电极材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Carbon-based Composite Electrode Materials Used for Stretchable Supercapacitors

作　　者：岳瑞瑞 王会才[1] 刘霞平 杨继斌 汪振文 YUE Ruirui;WANG Huicai;LIU Xiaping;YANG Jibin;WANG Zhenwen(School of Environmental and Chemistry Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第21期3580-3587,共8页Materials Reports

摘　　要：随着便携式和可穿戴电子产品的发展,人们对柔性储能设备的需求越来越迫切。常用的储能设备有锂离子电池、超级电容器等。与锂离子电池相比,超级电容器具有更快的充放电速度、更高的循环稳定性能和更大的比电容等优点。但传统的超级电容器在受到拉伸、压缩等外力作用时,存储功能难免下降甚至丧失。因此,可拉伸超级电容器引起了研究者们的关注。电极是可拉伸超级电容器的重要组成部分,人们通过制备性能优异的电极材料或设计能够抗压缩、拉伸、扭曲等高强度机械力的电极结构来提高电极的电化学性能和力学性能。碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纤维和碳气凝胶等碳材料属于双电层电容器电极材料,它们虽然比表面积大、循环稳定性强,但仍存在低比电容、低能量密度等缺点。其中,石墨烯更是面临因堆叠团聚而导致的储能性能降低的问题。于是,人们在将碳材料与其他电极材料结合制备碳基可拉伸复合电极材料方面做了许多尝试。高比电容的赝电容电极材料、大比表面积的过渡金属硫化物或高导电性的金属纳米线,都已被发现能够与某些碳材料产生协同互补,形成的碳基复合电极在比电容、循环稳定性和力学性能方面相比单种碳电极材料有明显提高。本文在对比介绍用作可拉伸超级电容器的各种碳材料的优势与不足的基础上,综述了近年来广泛应用于可拉伸超级电容器的碳基复合电极材料的研究进展。T he emergence of portable and wearable electronic products is now spurring the demands for flexible energy storage devices. The prevailing energy storage devices are Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors, in which the latter have the advantages of faster charging/discharging, higher cycle stability and larger specific capacitance. However, traditional supercapacitors will suffer a storage capacity fall if they are subjected to external forces such as stretching and compressing. Thus stretchable supercapacitors have already aroused great concern. Electrode is a critical part of stretchable supercapacitors. The electrochemical and mechanical properties of electrodes can be improved by preparing electrode materials with excellent properties or designing electrode structures adapted or resistant to severe mechanical forces, e.g. compression, tension and torsion. Carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers and carbon aerogels belong to electric double-layer electrode materials. Although these materials have high cyclic stability and large surface area, they still have disadvantages such as low specific capacitance and low energy density. Moreover, graphene faces the problem of deficient energy storage performance induced by stacking and agglomeration. The fabrication of carbon-based composite electrode materials, by combining carbon materials with other types of electrode materials, thereby has become a hot topic recently. Pseudocapacitor electrode materials with high specific capacitance, transition metal sulphides with high specific surface area, and metal nanowires with high electrical conductivity, all of them have been found to have collaborative & complementary effects with some of the carbon materials. And the resultant stretchable composite electrodes, compared with electrodes made of only carbon materials, seem to have obvious improvements in specific capacitance, cyclic stability and mechanical properties. This paper gives a comparative presentation of the advantages and disadvantages

关 键 词：碳材料 复合材料 可拉伸超级电容器 过渡金属氧化物 导电聚合物 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]