金属/陶瓷润湿性的实验表征和理论预测研究进展  

Advances in the Wettability Research of Metal/Ceramic Systems:Experimental Characterization and Theoretical Estimation

作　　者：屈伟 范同祥[1] QU Wei;FAN Tongxiang(State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第21期3606-3612,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项课题(2017YFB0703101)~~

摘　　要：金属/陶瓷体系的润湿性研究在金属与陶瓷的连接、金属液的熔炼和提纯、浸渗法和液相法制备复合材料等领域都有着重要意义。金属熔体在陶瓷表面的润湿过程中,会出现基板在熔体中溶解、界面吸附和互相反应等,是一种较为复杂的物理化学现象。有关金属/陶瓷润湿性的实验和理论研究一直是国际上材料学领域的热点之一。目前金属/陶瓷润湿性主要通过测量接触角θ(借助Young s方程计算)来得出,润湿性表征方法存在较大局限性,特别是接触角对实验条件高度敏感,其往往难以准确反映润湿性,以及适用于高熔点合金与陶瓷体系的方法较为缺乏。因此,除对接触角测试方法进行改进外,很多研究者也试图通过理论计算来考察润湿性,但至今尚未发展出能够很好地应用于所有金属/陶瓷体系的理论预测模型。润湿性实验表征方法的近期研究主要集中在改良座滴法、滴定法、毛细上升法和感应熔化法等。其中,改良座滴法相比传统座滴法能够消除熔体表面氧化膜的影响。感应熔化法可以使高熔点合金(如Ti合金等)熔化,具有独特优势(相比之下其他几种方法只适用于Al系、Mg系等低熔点合金与陶瓷的体系)。在理论预测模型方面,除直接基于Young s方程,根据表面张力模型来研究润湿性外,也有学者尝试结合Young-Dupré方程,从热力学和原子键的角度揭示反应界面润湿性的内在规律。同时,将润湿视为一种反应现象,对界面反应吉布斯自由能变化和润湿过程中表面相的能量变化加以考虑,也形成了一种新的定性衡量润湿性的标准。此外,研究者还在润湿铺展动力学方面取得了一些重要成果,包括直接根据金属形核理论来计算润湿角,以及利用如流体动力学模型、分子动力学模型、反应控制模型和扩散控制模型等来预测金属/陶瓷体系的润湿速率。本文主要从润湿过程的�W ettability of metal/ceramic systems is of crucial significance in many fields including metal-ceramic jointing, purification of molten metal, infiltration-based preparation and liquid-phase preparation of composite materials. The wetting of liquid metal on ceramic surface, according to its process, is a complicated physical and chemical phenomenon involving substrate dissolution, interface adsorption and interaction. Experimental characterization and theoretical estimation of wettability of metal/ceramic systems has always been a research hotspot in materials science. At present, the characterization methods for wettability of metal/ceramic are almost all based on measuring contact angle (calculated via the classical equation given by Thomas Young). The contact angle is highly susceptible to circumstance factors, so the relationship between contact angle and wettability has inevitable deviation in practical estimation. Moreover, few methods are adaptable for the systems of high-melting-point alloys and ceramics. Therefore, in addition to improve and optimize measurement of contact angle, considerable attempts have also been made to study wettability via theoretical calculation. However, yet no theoretical prediction can be applied to all metal/ceramic systems till now, due to controversial understanding upon wetting mechanism and insufficient research. Recent experimental research of metal/ceramic wettability is mainly focused onimproved sessile drop method, dispensed drop method, capillary rising method and induction melting method. Among them, the improved sessile drop method, compared to the traditional sessile drop method, can eliminate the impact of oxide film on the melt surface. Induction melting method can realize the melting of high-melting-point alloys (e.g. Ti alloy), so it has a unique superiority (as the rest of the methods mentioned above are adaptable to systems comprised of low-melting-point alloys, e.g. Al alloys or Mg alloys, and ceramics). In terms of theoretical estimation, besides the surfa

关 键 词：润湿 金属/陶瓷界面 接触角 理论模型 毛细上升法 感应熔化法 表面张力模型 润湿铺展动力学 

分 类 号：TG148[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]