基于生物精细构型的光催化材料和光热转换材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Photocatalytic Materials and Photothermal Conversion Materials Based on Biological Fine Configuration

作　　者：孙诚 顾佳俊[1] 章潇慧 祝弘滨 刘佰博 张丽娇 刘庆雷[1] 张旺[1] 张荻[1] SUN Cheng;GU Jiajun;ZHANG Xiaohui;ZHU Hongbin;LIU Baibo;ZHANG Lijiao;LIU Qinglei;ZHANG Wang;ZHANG Di(State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240;CRRC Academy, Beijing 100070)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海200240 [2]中车工业研究院有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第21期3662-3668,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51772187; 51271116; 51572169; 51672175);国家科技重大专项(2017YFE0113000);上海市科学技术委员会项目基金(18JC1410500; 17ZR1441400; 17520710600; 16520710900)~~

摘　　要：目前,全球性的能源危机和环境污染问题备受关注。太阳能作为一种可再生的能源,实现其清洁、高效和低成本的转换及利用具有十分重要的意义。其中,利用光催化可将太阳能转换为可存储和运输的氢能,而通过光热效应可借助太阳能对海水进行淡化,这将有助于缓解能源短缺、环境污染以及淡水资源紧缺等问题。如何提高光能转换材料的能量转换效率是当今太阳能转换领域的关键课题。材料的性质由多种因素决定,其中构型是最重要的因素之一。因此,优良的材料构型设计成为材料、化学、生物等多学科、多领域的研究热点,以满足光电催化、光热治疗、能量转换与存储等不同领域的应用需求。然而,目前人工制备手段以“自下而上”的化学自组装与“自上而下”的物理加工方法为主,不仅成本和效率难以兼顾,更难以精准构筑具有复杂精细三维分级构型的微纳结构。对此,有学者提出“遗态材料”的概念,借鉴自然界生物体(包括微生物、动物以及植物)的精细构型,并以自然界生物体结构作为模板,制备出具有特殊结构和功能的材料。这为当今许多领域的科学研究提供了丰富的灵感和启发。近年来,基于生物精细构型的光能转换遗态材料发展迅速,在光电催化及光热领域取得了丰硕的成果。受自然界中的光合作用启发,可通过光催化反应将太阳能转换为化学能。具有三维分级结构的材料的各向异性强、反应接触面积大、微纳米孔多,能够有效增强半导体催化剂的电学、光学特性和催化性能。以树叶、蝴蝶等生物为模板的微纳多孔结构材料提高了催化剂对入射光的吸收,同时也为水分解反应提供了更多的反应位点,其产氢性能比普通构型的材料提高了数倍。同时,在光热水蒸发系统中,木材、蝶翅、莲蓬等模板由于快速的吸水能力、高效的光吸收和光增�T he global energy crisis and environmental pollution have long come to the foreground of our attention. As a kind of renewable energy, clean, low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion and utilization are of great significance. The solar energy can be converted into hydrogen energy which can be stored and transported through the photocatalysis, and the sea water can be desalinated by the solar energy through the photothermal effect. Both of them can help to alleviate the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and shortage of fresh water resources and the like. How to improve the energy conversion efficiency oflight energy conversion materials is a key issue in the field of solar energy conversion. The properties of materials depend on a number of factors, among which configuration is one of the most important factors. Therefore, excellent material configuration design has become a research hotspot in many fields such as materials, chemistry, biology, etc., to attain the requirements for applications of photocatalysis, photothermal therapy, energy conversion and storage. However, at present, the main methodology of artificial preparation are “bottom-up” chemical self-assembly and “top-down” physical processing. Both of them are unlikely to balance both cost and efficiency and obtain hoped-for configurations. In view of this, some scholars put forward the concept of “Morphology genetic materials”, which refers to the fine configuration of natural organisms (including microorganisms, animals and plants).And, they have advocated utilizing the structure of natural organisms as template to prepare materials with special structures and functions, which had provided distinctive insights and inspiration for scientific research in many fields nowadays. In recent years, solar energy conversion materials based on biological fine configuration have developed rapidly, and a large number of outstanding achievements have emerged in the field of photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal conversion.Insp

关 键 词：太阳能转换 生物精细构型 光催化 光热转换 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]