社区公园中自然环境要素的恢复性潜能评价研究  

Evaluation of the Restorative Potential of Natural Environmental Factors in Community Parks

作　　者：何琪潇 谭少华[1] HE Qixiao;TAN Shaohua

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院

出　　处：《中国园林》2019年第8期67-71,共5页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究生科研创新项目“社区公园对人群精神压力的恢复效用及空间优化研究——以重庆6个社区公园为例”(编号2018CDYJSY0055);国家自然科学基金面上项目“社区公园缓解人群精神压力的绩效及空间优化研究”(编号51478057)共同资助

摘　　要：进入21世纪,快速城市化进程下高密度、快节奏的城市生活环境引发人群精神紧张、生活压力大等精神健康问题,加剧了精神疾病的蔓延。已有研究证实,社区公园作为一种“恢复性环境”能够有效缓解人群精神压力。但是,其内部不同环境要素的配置组合对人群恢复性潜能的影响程度有待深入研究。以重庆渝中区3个社区公园为研究对象,实施网络调查,运用联合分析法的基本思路,选取社区公园内草地、灌木、乔木、花卉、水体、置石、山体坡地和动物8类自然环境要素,开展不同要素类型效用、同种要素规模效用和群体需求差异效用3个方面恢复性潜能的度量评价。结果发现,草地(W=27.82%)恢复性潜能最高,大面积草地覆盖(U=47.6)、大片树林(U=23.8)、疏松灌木丛(U=16.1)、大量花卉(U=21.2)、大面积湖泊(U=32.7)、零散置石(U=6.3)、少量山体坡地(U=5.5)和少量动物(U=19.2)等自然环境要素组合的社区公园具有高恢复性潜能。In the 21st century,high density and fast pace of living environment in the rapid urbanization process has caused a series of problems,such as the mental stress of the crowd and the high pressure of life,and aggravated the spread of mental illness.Previous studies have proved that community parks,as a "restorative environment",can effectively alleviate the mental stress of the crowd.However,the impact of the con figuration and combination of different environmental factors on the restorative potential of people in the community park needs to be studied in depth.In this paper,273 questionnaires were collected from the field and network survey of 3 community parks in Yuzhong District,Chongqing.The conjoint analysis was used to assess restoration of the main eight natural environment factors in community parks (grass,bush,tree,flower,water feature,stone,animal and hill slope) with effectiveness evaluation of a single element,a variety and different groups.The results showed that the grass is of the highest restorative potential,and summarized the high restorative environment of pocket park with the combination of large coverage of grass and woods,loose shrubs,large volumes of flowers,large area of lake,scattered stone arrangement,a few hills and sloping fields,and some animals.

关 键 词：风景园林 社区公园 恢复性潜能 效用评价 联合分析法 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]