以人为起点的文物叙事方式转变之期待——对湖北省博物馆文物筛选与展陈的考察  

Expectation of the Transformation of People-Oriented Narrative Mode of Cultural Relics——Investigation on the Screening and Displaying of Cultural Relics in Hubei Provincial Museum

作　　者：刘春阳[1] LIU Chunyang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《湖北民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期101-108,共8页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“艺术学理论研究的知识依据问题”(17YJA760032)

摘　　要：博物馆特别是地方性历史博物馆,在公共文化生活中占据越来越重要的地位,但其叙事方式尚未能与时俱进。突出的表现就在于,讲故事的方式同质化现象严重,都以一种线性的方式描述从旧石器时代直至当下的历史。按照经验性的理解,尽管能在历史演进中寻绎出各种因果关系,历史毕竟还是充满了各种偶然性,如果忽略了偶然性,将历史中的因果关系简单抽象成一种以时间为轴的线性演进过程,历史的丰富性就会大打折扣。鉴于此,有必要反思当下地方性历史博物馆的叙事方式,看看支撑它的依据到底是什么。通过对湖北省博物馆的考察,可以发现,博物馆通过对文物的筛选和布置,以叙事的方式,重新组织起了过去的历史,强化了观众对民族国家的认同。即使是地方性历史博物馆,其地方性叙事也被整合进民族国家的叙事之中,其根本原因在于,在中国语境下,这种叙事方式符合国家政治权力合法性的表述,因为无论是地方历史,还是民族历史,最终都是国家的历史。改进的方式在于,在布展时,将人作为逻辑的起点,让处于沉默状态的普通人发出自己的声音。Museums, especially local museums of history, occupy an increasingly important position in public cultural life, but their narrative modes have not yet kept pace with the times. The main performance is that, the way of telling stories in museums is seriously homogenized, and the history from the Paleolithic to the present is described in a linear way. However, according to the empirical understanding, although we can find various causal relationships in the historical evolution, history is full of all kinds of contingency. If we ignore the contingency and simply abstract the causal relationships in history into a linear evolution process with the time-based axis, the richness of history will be greatly reduced. In view of this, it is necessary to reflect on the narrative modes of current local history museums and find out what is the basis for supporting it. Through the investigation in Hubei Provincial Museum, it can be found that, through the screening and displaying of cultural relics, the museum has reorganized the past history in a narrative manner and strengthened audience′s identity of the nation-state. Even in a local history museum, its local narrative has been integrated into the narrative of the nation-state. The fundamental reason is that, in the Chinese context, this narrative falls in line with the legality of the state′s political power. No matter it is local history or national history, it is ultimately the history of the country. The way to improve is to use people as the starting point of logic in the exhibition, and let ordinary people who are in silence make their own voices.

关 键 词：地方性历史博物馆 同质化 民族国家叙事 地方叙事 

分 类 号：G265[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]