人工授粉对杜鹃兰结实率及果实生长的影响  

Effects of Artificial Pollination on Setting Percentage and Fruit Growth of Cremastra appendiculate

作　　者：田海露 吕享[1] 高燕燕[1] 田莉 刘思佳 李小兰[1] 李雪[1] 张明生[1] TIAN Hai-lu;LYU Xiang;GAO Yan-yan;TIAN Li;LIU Si-jia;LI Xiao-lan;LI Xue;ZHANG Ming-sheng(School of Life Sciences/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education),Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院/国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心/山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2019年第4期683-690,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81660627,81360613);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502604)~~

摘　　要：在自然条件下,杜鹃兰(Cremastra appendiculata(D. Don)Makino)结实率低,种子几乎不能萌发,人工辅助授粉是否可以改善杜鹃兰种子质量尚不清楚。为获得优质的杜鹃兰种子,通过疏花程度、授粉时期和授粉方式处理,采用形态学和生理学的比较,探讨了人工辅助授粉对杜鹃兰结实率和种子质量的影响。结果表明:疏花和花朵盛开期进行人工异株异花授粉显著提高结实率,达97.78%;异株异花授粉的种子饱满,有胚率、胚活力及萌发率最高,分别达到93.95%、82.40%和54.95%,且蒴果生长速度快,纵、横径于授粉70 d左右达到峰值;各授粉方式的蒴果体积在授粉120 d左右趋于稳定。因此,适当疏花处理(10~15朵花/株)后于花朵盛开期异株异花授粉可显著提高杜鹃兰结实率和种子质量。Under natural conditions,Cremastra appendiculata(D. Don)Makino has low setting percentage and its seeds can hardly germinate.It is unclear whether auxiliary pollination could improve the quality of seeds under artificial conditions.In order to obtain high-quality seeds,the effects of artificial pollination on the seed quality and setting percentage were investigated by comparison of morphology and physiology with different flower thinning degrees,pollination periods and pollination methods.The results showed that the setting percentage could be significantly increased by artificial xenogamy and reached 97.78% after flower thinning in the bloom period.The seeds from xenogamy were plump,and had the highest embryo rate,embryo vigor and germination rate,reaching 93.95%,82.40%,and 54.95%,respectively.And the capsules grew fast,and the longitudinal and transverse diameters reached the peak about 70 days after pollination.The capsule volume of each pollination mode was stable about 120 day after pollination.Therefore,xenogamy after appropriate flower thinning treatment in the full bloom period can significantly improve the seed setting rate and seed quality.

关 键 词：杜鹃兰 人工授粉 结实率 果实 种子萌发率 

分 类 号：S567.79[农业科学—中草药栽培]