不同施氮模式对设施茄子产量、品质及氮素气态损失的影响  

Effects of Application Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Eggplant and Nitrogen Gas Loss from Greenhouse Soil

作　　者：佟鑫 王珊珊 张丽娟[1] 郭艳杰[1] 陈盟 张艺磊[1] 吉艳芝[1] TONG Xin;WANG Shan-shan;ZHANG Li-juan;Guo Yan-jie;CHEN Meng;ZHANG Yi-lei;JI Yan-zhi(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment,Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院河北省农田生态环境重点实验室

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第3期662-669,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2015BAD23B01）;河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜产业创新团队项目（HBCT2018030206）;河北省高等学校青年拔尖人才计划项目（BJ2017025）资助

摘　　要：以河北省永清县设施茄子为研究对象,通过田间原位方法,设置不施氮(T0)、传统施氮(CK,纯氮557.70 kg hm-)2、优化施氮1(T1,传统施氮量水平下减少20%)、优化施氮1+NP(T2,NP为硝化抑制剂)和优化施氮2(T3,传统施氮量水平下减少30%)5个处理,研究不同施氮模式对设施茄子产量、果实品质及氮素气态损失(N2O、NH)3的影响。结果表明,T0处理茄子产量为6.39 t hm^-2,显著低于CK、T1和T2,但与T3差异不显著;T1和T2的茄子产量分别为11.01 t hm^-2和11.89 t hm^-2,与CK差异不显著,但产量呈现增加趋势;品质指标均未呈现显著差异;各处理N2O的排放速率均在施肥后1-2天出现高峰,基肥的排放高峰高于追肥,且随施氮量的减少而降低;除T0外,T2处理土壤N2O-N累积排放量最低,为2.82 kg hm^-2;T0、CK、T1、T2和T3的土壤NH3-N挥发损失量分别为2.15、8.25、6.92、7.96、6.47 kg hm^-2;CK、T1、T2和T3处理的氮素利用率分别为23.54%、25.57%、29.14和20.63%,未达显著水平。因此,在传统生产中减氮20%,并添加NP的施氮模式,既能稳产保质,又能降低N2O排放,对设施农田的减排增效与生态环境改善起到积极作用。Different treatments, including no nitrogen (N) application (T0), traditional N application (CK, 557.70 kg N hm- 2), optimized N application 1 (T1, reducing 20% of traditional N application level), optimized N application 1 combined with nitrification inhibitor (T2) and optimized N application 2 (T3, reducing 30% of traditional N application level), were set up by in- situ field experiment in Yongqing, Hebei Province. And the effects of different N application levels on yield and quality of eggplant and N loss (N2O and NH3) were studied. The results showed that the eggplant yield in the T0 treatment (6.39 thm^-2) was significantly lower than that in the treatments of CK, T1 and T2, but was not significantly different from that in the T3 treatment. The eggplant yield in the T1 and T2 treatments were 11.01 and 11.89 thm^-2, which were not significantly different from that of CK, but the yield showed an increasing trend. There was no significant difference in quality index among all the treatments. The N2O emission rates in all treatments reached the peak value at 1-2 days after fertilization. The peak of N2O emission rates was higher with base fertilizer application than that with topdressing application, and decreased with the decrease in N application level. Except for T0, the cumulative N2O- N emission in T2 treatment was the lowest, with a value of 2.82 kghm^-2. The volatilization losses of NH3-N in the T0, CK, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 2.15, 8.25, 6.92, 7.96 and 6.47 kghm^-2, respectively. The N utilization efficiency in the CK, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 23.54%, 25.57%, 29.14% and 20.63%, respectively. In short, the reducing 20% of N fertilizer combined with the addition of NP not only stabilize the production and quality of crops, but also reduce the N2O emission and improve the ecological environment in the facility farmland.

关 键 词：设施茄子 施氮量 品质 N2O排放 NH3挥发 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] X511[农业科学—农艺学]