多效微生物制剂对甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作土壤生态及产量的影响  

Effects of Multiple Microbial Agents on the Soil Ecology and Crop Yield under Continuous Potato Cropping in the Arid Area of Gansu

作　　者：刘锦霞[1] 李娜[1] 李晶[1] 丁品[1] 张建军[1] 杜文静[1] 武建荣[1] 李作良 LIU Jin-xia;LI Na;LI Jing;DING Pin;ZHANG Jian-jun;DU Wen-jing;WU Jian-rong;LI Zuo-liang(Instituteof Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;Jinliangyu Planting Professional Cooperatives, Baiyin 730900, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省科学院生物研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]白银市金良玉种植专业合作社,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第3期675-682,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目（1504GKCA074）;甘肃省科学院应用研究与开发计划项目（2015-JK-04;2018JK-08）资助

摘　　要：连作障碍已成为严重威胁甘肃马铃薯产业可持续发展的因素之一,而功能微生物在植物防病、促生、土壤修复等方面有其独特的优势。通过多年田间定位试验,研究了多效微生物制剂对甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作土壤微生物、养分、酶活性等生态因子及其产品产量和品质的影响。结果显示,应用多效微生物制剂对甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作土壤生态及其产量等影响显著,与对照相比,提高了细菌、放线菌的数量,降低了真菌的数量;提高了土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性;使连作土壤矿质营养碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著提高;降低了连作马铃薯晚疫病、枯萎病和软腐病的发生率,与对照相比,病株率分别降低了66.34%、69.17%和67.24%,病薯率分别降低了74.85%、78.75%和60.31%;明显促进植株生长,提高块茎产量,增产率为14.45%。研究证明多效微生物制剂能够有效改良甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作障碍土壤生态环境、防控病害、促进马铃薯植株生长、提高产量。Continuous cropping obstacle has become a major factor preventing the development of the potato industry in the Western Gansu Province. However, functional microorganisms have a unique advantage in plant disease control,growth promotion and soil remediation. The impact of multiple microbial agents on biomass and quality of products has been studied as well as the soil ecological factors(soil microbial biomass, nutrient and enzyme activity) under the continuous potato cropping in the arid area of the Western Gansu Province. Results showed that multiple microbial agents had significant impacts on soil ecosystem and crop yield in the arid area of the Western Gansu Province.Compared with the control, the application of the microbial agents enhanced the quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes, reduced the number of fungi, and increased the activities of soil urease, catalase, invertase and alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, the contents of mineral nutrients, including soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium,were increased significantly under the continuous cropping. The cases of late blight, potato fusarium wilt and soft rot of potato were reduced, as indicated by the decrease in the percentage of the diseased plant by 66.34%, 69.17% and67.24% and in that of diseased tuber by 74.85%, 78.75% and 60.31% compared with the control, respectively. Plant growth was promoted and the tuber output was increased, as indicated by the yield increase by 14.45%. These results indicated that multiple compound microbial agents could improve the soil ecological environment under continuous potato cropping, prevent and control the potato diseases, promote the plant growth, and effectively enhance potato production in the arid area of the Western Gansu Province.

关 键 词：马铃薯 连作障碍 多效微生物制剂 土壤生态 病害 增产 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]