芒康县藏族民居的生态适应性特色研究  

A STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY OF TIBETAN DWELLINGS IN MANGKANG COUNTY

作　　者：王雨枫 WANG Yufeng

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《城市规划》2019年第8期81-88,共8页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(11FJY007);山东省社会科学规划项目(17CQXJ04);青岛市软科学项目(1713432zhc)

摘　　要：藏族民居基于西藏高原高海拔、高寒、高辐射等恶劣自然条件,在技术相对落后与物质匮乏的年代,在长期的生活生产实践中,结合藏族本民族宗教信仰和风俗习惯,因地制宜、就地取材而形成的一种适应高原地理和气候的生态适应性民居,它实现了可持续发展的生态理念。本次研究以西藏芒康县的藏族民居为例,基于生态民居设计原理和对芒康县地域民居的特色挖掘,提出了藏居的生态营造理念即营造观、风水观、生长观等,并结合芒康的地理环境和气候条件,从选址环境、构筑方式、空间布局、色彩及装饰等方面进行了应用性研究,总结出了尊重自然、合理营造、就地取材、保护环境、尊重使用者等特色,在民居的生态性和地域性方面进行了实践性的探索,期望为国内外相关地域性生态民居的建设提供一定的参考和借鉴。Tibetan dwelling is built up based on the harsh natural conditions of high altitude,extreme coldness,and high radiation in the Tibetan Plateau at the era with relatively backward technology and scarce materials.It should be considered as a dwelling system with ecological adaptability that was created by the Tibetan ancestors combining their religious beliefs and custom with local conditions and materials during the long-time life and production practices,which achieves the sustainable development of ecological concepts.Based on the design principle of ecological dwelling and the characteristics of the folk dwelling in Mangkang county,this paper puts forward the concept of ecological construction,that is,the concept of construction,fengshui view and growth view,and so on.Combined with the geographical environment and climate conditions of Mangkang,this paper carries out an application study from perspectives including the site environment,construction mode,spatial layout,color and decoration aspects,and sums up several suggestions in regard to respect the nature,reasonable creation,local materials,environment protection,respect users and so on.In addition,an exploration on practice in the residential ecological and regional fields is also conducted,hoping to provide certain references for related regional ecological residential construction either in China or abroad.

关 键 词：藏族民居 生态观念 选址条件 构筑方式 色彩及装饰 芒康县 

分 类 号：TU253[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]