不同配比脲醛掺混肥对小麦生长及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Different Ratios of Urea- Formaldehyde Blended Fertilizers on Wheat Growth and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：周华敏[1] 陈宝成[1] 梁海[1] 陈剑秋 王桂伟 ZHOU Huamin;CHEN Baocheng;LIANG Hai;CHEN Jianqiu;WANG Guiwei(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Collegeof Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai′an 271018, China;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization/KingentaEcdogical Engineering Group Co. , Ltd. , Linshu 276700, China)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室/金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,山东临沭276700

出　　处：《化肥工业》2019年第4期61-66,共6页Chemical Fertilizer Industry

基　　金：国家十三五重点研发计划子课题“超微细磷钾腐殖酸缓释肥研制及纳米缓控释肥肥效及机理研究”(2017YFD0200705)的支持

摘　　要：采用冬小麦进行盆栽试验,以树脂包膜尿素、硫加树脂包膜尿素、普通尿素一次性施肥以及普通尿素基肥加追肥作对比,研究脲醛氮占总氮质量分数分别为30%、40%、50%和60%的脲醛掺混肥对土壤养分、小麦生长、小麦产量的影响,以探明合理施用脲醛缓释肥的最优氮素配比。试验结果表明:与普通尿素一次性施肥以及普通尿素基肥加追肥相比,脲醛氮占总氮质量分数为30%、40%和50%的处理有利于提高土壤有机质含量,能在灌浆期为小麦生长提供较高的磷素供应,提高小麦植株叶片叶绿素含量;脲醛氮占总氮质量分数40%和50%的处理较普通尿素处理增产4.28%~6.88%、增收551.7~796.2元/hm^2,较树脂包膜尿素和硫加树脂包膜尿素处理增产2.49%~5.88%、增收116.6~922.6元/hm^2;从产量和经济效益考虑,脲醛氮占总氮质量分数40%~50%的效果较好。In order to find out the optimal nitrogen ratio of rational application of urea- formaldehyde slow- release fertilizer, the pot experimenti was carried out with winter wheat, and with polymer coated urea, polymer/sulfur coated urea, common urea one- time fertilization and common urea based fertilizer plus top dressing as controls. The effects of urea- formaldehyde blended fertilizers with 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of total nitrogen mass fractions, respectively, on the soil nutrient, wheat growth and wheat yield are studied. Experimental results show that compared with common urea one- time fertilization and common urea based fertilizer plus top dressing, the controls of urea- formaldehyde nitrogen with 30%, 40% and 50% of total nitrogen mass fraction are beneficial to increase soil organic matter content and can provide a higher phosphorus supply for wheat growth in wheat filling stage, and increase wheat chlorophyll content;urea- formaldehyde nitrogen with 40% and 50% of total nitrogen mass fraction increases yield by 4.28%~6.88%, and increases income by 551.7~796.2 yuan/hm^ 2 compared with common urea control, and compared with polymer coated urea and polymer/sulfur coated urea control, the yield increase is 2.49%~5.88%, and income increase is 116.6~922.6 yuan/hm ^2;from the perspective of yield and economic benefits, urea- formaldehyde nitrogen with total nitrogen mass fraction of 40% to 50% has a better effect.

关 键 词：脲醛缓释肥 小麦 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学] TQ449.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]