我国封建社会土地法律制度演替及当代启示  

Evolution and Policy Implication to Rural Land System Reform of Land Law and System in Feudal Society in China

作　　者：赵延安 张蚌蚌 ZHAO Yanan;ZHANG Bangbang(College of Marxism,Northwest A&F University;College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学马克思主义学院 [2]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期148-153,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目(2018S14);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2019T120959);陕西省软科学研究计划项目(2018KRM003)

摘　　要：土地是封建社会农业生产的基础。我国封建统治者非常重视土地法律制度的建设,形成了限田制、占田制、均田制等土地制度,而且对土地买卖也制定了相应的法律规定。通过系统梳理自秦统一后封建社会土地法律制度的演替过程,分析其特征,认为封建社会存在国家、地主和自耕农三种土地所有制且互相转化,“均田”“限田”与“兼并”在整个封建社会循环往复;不触及封建社会土地制度根本的改革虽在一定程度上缓解了社会矛盾,但往往以失败而告终。当前我国土地制度改革应当兼顾公平与效率,统筹土地多功能特性及其优先顺序,防止过度资本化挤占土地的生产、生态和社会保障等基本功能。Land is the basis of agricultural production in feudal society and the main means of production for farmers.The feudal state ruled the farmers by relying on the land law and system.China’s feudal rulers attached great importance to the construction of land law and system.The feudal dynasties not only stipulated different land systems,such as the equal-distribution system,the land-occupation system and the land-limit system,but also provided corresponding legal provisions for the sale and purchase of land.This study systematically combed the succession process of the land law and system in the feudal society after the unification of Qin dynasty,analyzed its characteristics and policy implication to the current land system reform in China.Results indicate that the feudal society exists three kinds of land ownership of state,the landlords and subsistence farmers,which can be mutual transformation.Equal distribution,restrictions on the sale of land,and land annexation was cycling in the feudal society.The reform of land law and system don’t touch the nature of feudal society,which can alleviate the social contradiction in some degree,but ultimately ended in failure.At present,the balance between equity and efficiency should be found in the land system reform in China.While improving the efficiency,the multi-functional characteristics and priority of each function should be considered in an overall way to prevent excessive capitalization from crowding out the basic functions of land production,ecology and social security.

关 键 词：封建社会 土地法律制度 农村土地制度改革 三权分置 

分 类 号：F319[经济管理—产业经济]