2007-2017年贵州省人间炭疽疫情流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of human anthrax in Guizhou, China, 2007-2017

作　　者：姚光海[1] 马青[1] 胡灿[1] 王丹[1] 黄荷[1] 聂炜[1] 唐光鹏[1] 李世军[1] YAO Guang-hai;MA Qing;HU Can;WANG Dan;HUANG He;NIE Wei;TANG Guang-peng;LI Shi-jun(Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2019年第8期769-773,共5页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2015]2084号)~~

摘　　要：目的了解贵州省2007-2017年人间炭疽的流行特征及趋势,供防控工作参考。方法 用描述性流行病学方法分析贵州省2007-2017年人间炭疽疫情资料及其相关监测资料。结果 2007-2017年贵州省人间炭疽累计发生104起,病例183例,发病率呈波动下降趋势,年均发病率为0.046/10万,死亡6例,年均死亡率0.002/10万。全年可发病,5-10月报告病例最多(149 例,占81.42%)。以25~60岁发病最多(142例,占77.60%)。男女病例之比为6.96∶1。职业以农民发病最多(162例,占88.52%)。散发77起占总起数的74.04%。聚集性病例106例占总病例57.92%。2013-2017年的人间炭疽中86.67%(13/15)有病死家畜接触史。实验室确诊4例。消毒前的剖剐地土壤的炭疽杆菌检出阳性率15.79%(9/57),消毒后的剖剐地土壤的炭疽杆菌检出阳性率12.21%(16/131)。结论 贵州省人间炭疽疫情下降明显,农村尚存在潜在聚集性疫情风险,疫源地消毒亟待规范,部门间联防联控有待落实,需继续加强疫情监测及健康教育等工作。The present study was to understand the characteristics and epidemic trend of human anthrax, and provide reference for prevention and control measures. Epidemiological analysis method was applied to describe the epidemic and etiological data of anthrax from 2007 to 2017 in Guizhou Province. From 2007 to 2017, up to 104 anthrax events occurred, including 183 cases and 6 deaths. The curve of anthrax incidence rate presented a fluctuating downward trend. The average incidence per year was 0.046/100 000, and the average mortality rate was 0.002/100 000. Cases emerged throughout the year, while most of cases were more likely to be reported from May to October (149 cases, 81.42%). Patients aged 25 to 60 took 77.6% of all anthrax patients. The gender ratio of anthrax cases was 6.96∶1. Farm workers were the majority (162 cases) among all vocations of patients. Sporadic cases accounted for 74.04% of all epidemic events, while 106 cases were reported in clusters, taking 57.92% of all cases. In 15 human anthrax clusters from 2013 to 2017, 13 clusters (86.7%)were related to exposing to dead livestock. 4 cases were laboratory confirmed. The positive rates of Bacillus anthracis cultivated in the soil before and after disinfection were 15.79%(9/57) and 12.21%(16/131), respectively. The epidemic trend of anthrax in Guizhou Province significantly declined, but the risk of potential anthrax clusters still exists in rural areas. The procedure of disinfection in infectious focus should be standardized, and it is urgent to unite in action to take control measures with different departments. Meanwhile, health education and disease surveillance should be continuously enhanced.

关 键 词：炭疽 流行特征 监测 

分 类 号：R378.7[医药卫生—病原生物学]