单位犯罪的困境与出路——单位固有责任论之提倡  

The Predicament and Outlet of Unit Crime——The Promotion of Unit Inherent Responsibility Theory

作　　者：邹玉祥[1] ZOU Yu-xiang(School of Law, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2019年第9期116-128,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“依法治国背景下的刑法规范确证功能及其实现原则研究”(16BFX086)

摘　　要：在司法实践中,单位犯罪的制度存在诸多问题,并未实现立法目的,具体表现为单位犯罪认定条件形式化、单位成员刑事责任轻缓化、定罪程序失范化。单位犯罪的制度功能异化的根本原因,在于对单位行为的评价不充分,抹煞了单位作为独立责任主体具有的规范意义。单位犯罪不能为单位成员犯罪替代责任,应从单位自身固有的特征重新设计评价标准。在规范层面为单位塑造独立的行为和意志,赋予单位和自然人同等的犯罪主体地位,不仅符合立法解释的精神,而且前述实践问题也能随之迎刃而解。The unit crime system has a lot of problems and could not realize its legislative purpose in judicial practice. The responsibilities of unit members are more modest and the conviction process is quite messy. Unit crime is idle and even used by unit members to evade legal responsibilities. The fundamental reason of inadequacy of the function of unit crime system lies in the insufficient evaluation of unit behavior.Whether it is the identification condition of unit crime or the construction of liability,it is more about the unconditional absorption of member’s behavior and will at the objective fact level. Unit crime is not the vicarious responsibility of member’s behavior,and the evaluation criteria must be redesigned with an eye to the inherent characteristics of the unit,otherwise it will violate the principle of prohibiting repeated evaluation or the principle of liability for guilt. It is not only in line with the spirit of legislative interpretation,but also helps to solve the aforementioned practical problems to shape the independent behavior and will of the unit and gives the unit and natural person equal status as the subject of crime at the normative level.

关 键 词：单位犯罪 认定条件 责任构造 评价标准 禁止重复评价 单位固有责任 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]