工矿业城市区域水质参数高光谱定量反演  

Quantitative Inversion of Water Quality Parameters in Industrial and Mining Cities from Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

作　　者：彭令[1] 梅军军[1] 王娜[1] 徐素宁[1] 刘文波[1] 邢顾莲 陈启浩[2] PENG Ling;MEI Jun-jun;WANG Na;XU Su-ning;LIU Wen-bo;XING Gu-lian;CHEN Qi-hao(China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China;Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [2]中国地质大学信息工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2019年第9期2922-2928,共7页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(11-Y20A40-9002-15/17);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41602362);卫星及应用产业发展专项(发改办高技[2012]2083号)资助

摘　　要：工矿业城市区域易受工业活动、矿产开采影响,使其水环境遭受不同程度的破坏,以至于水体污染问题突出。当前常规水质监测主要采用“以点代面”的工作方式进行野外采样及其室内化验分析,然而环境复杂多变,空间差异大,导致调查点代表性受限,整体精度不高,效率低下,更难以实现区域性动态监测。以因矿兴市的矿业重镇湖北黄石大冶市为研究区,同步开展无人机高光谱航飞、地面光谱测量和水体样品采集测试,分别获得具有49个波段的高光谱影像数据和光谱分辨率为1nm的水体光谱曲线,其中影像数据波谱范围为505~890nm,光谱分辨率为7.78nm,空间分辨率为30cm。对获取的高光谱影像和光谱数据剔除异常值、光谱定标、辐射校正等预处理后,对比分析研究区内水体的不同光谱吸收、反射及光谱曲线形态特征信息,从而提取出高光谱影像和测量光谱的反射光谱曲线形态特征、去包络线后光谱曲线形态特征、三阶求导后光谱曲线形态特征和光谱四值编码共四大类25个光谱特征。采用皮尔森相关系数分析样品水质参数与光谱特征之间的相关性,以此筛选出存在显著相关的水质参数与光谱特征。在此基础上,采用逐步回归分析方法筛选出最大反射率及其波长位置、对称度、光谱编码Ⅲ、三阶导最大及最小值等光谱特征作为模型变量,构建出水质参数的多元线性反演模型,并对模型进行F检验和t检验。将检验后的反演模型推广运用于研究区内高光谱影像,获得尾矿库、河流、湖泊等典型区域的水质参数反演结果,从而实现“由点到面”水质参数信息的快速获取。结果显示水质参数pH、硬度(Ca^2++Mg^2+)、钾与氯离子比值(K+/Cl-)、镁与碱度比值[Mg^2+/(HCO^3-+CO^2-3)]的反演精度较高,其pH的判定系数R2最小为0.669,镁与碱度比值的判定系数R2最大为0.895,相对均方根误差均小于28%;�Industrial and mining cities are affected by activities of these industries that damage the water environment to various degrees and make water pollution a part icular problem. At present, field sampling with a grid pattern and indoor labo ratory analysis are mainly used for routine water quality monitoring. However, the environment is complex and variable, and spatial differences are considera ble. Therefore, the survey sites render limited representativeness, low overall accuracy, and poor efficiency, making it difficult to realize dynamic monito ring regionally. In this study, we took Daye City under Huangshi City, Hubei Province , as the research area. Daye is an important mining city that thrives on mining. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral imaging, ground spectral measurements, and water body sampling were carried out simultaneously. As a result, 49-band hyperspectral imaging data and water body spectra with a spectra l resolution of 1 nm were obtained. The imaging data have a wavelength range of 505~890 nm, a spectral resolution of 7.78 nm, and a spatial resolution of 30cm. After outlier removal, spectral calibration and radiometric correction w ere performed on the hyperspectral imaging data and spectral measurements and a comparative analysis was carried out between the spectral data of various water bodies located in the study area in terms of their absorption/reflectance spectra and the morphological features of their spectral curves. We subsequently extr acted 25 spectral features from these hyperspectral images and measurement spect ra, and these were classified under the following categories: morphological fe atures of reflectance spectra, morphological features of continuum-removed spe ctra, morphological features of third-derivative spectra, and 4-value spectral encoding. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the cor relation between the water quality parameters and the spectral features of the w ater specimens and to select the water quality parameters and spectral

关 键 词：高光谱 水质参数 定量反演 工矿业城市 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]