有机肥替代化肥对豫东地区上海青生长及氮磷利用的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Growth and N/P Utilization Ratio in Brassica campestris in East Henan

作　　者：刘沙沙 李兵 张古彬[2,3] 冯翔 郭林[2,3] 李自涛 李志娟 王唯锦[1,2] Liu Shasha;Li Bing;Zhang Gubin;Feng Xiang;Guo Lin;Li Zitao;Li Zhijuan;Wang Weijin(Henan Institute of Geological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;Henan Geochemical Ecological Restoration Engineering Research Center,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China;Henan Institute of Geological Survey,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省地质科学研究所,郑州450001 [2]河南省地球化学生态修复工程技术研究中心,郑州450001 [3]河南省地质调查院,郑州450001

出　　处：《农学学报》2019年第8期14-18,47,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项“村镇污水生态治理及养猪废弃物资源化利用关键技术研发与示范”(161100310600)

摘　　要：针对化肥和禽畜废弃物引起的农村面源污染问题,探究种养结合区最佳有机肥替代化肥比例。选择豫东地区,应用田间小区试验方法,研究不同有机肥替代比例对上海青产量、品质和肥料利用率的影响,确定最佳替代比例。结果表明,施肥量(20.00gN/m^2、9.68gP2O5/m^2)相同条件下,有机肥部分替代化肥可保证上海青高产优质,提高氮磷含量和养分利用率。有机肥替代组产量均较100%化肥组(H5)小幅度上升,硝酸盐和亚硝酸含量最高可降低28.13%和83.64%;其中75%有机肥替代组(H2)可溶性糖含量最高,达到化肥组的1.55倍。此外,有机肥替代比例为75%和50%组的氮磷利用率较高,分别为化肥组的1.64倍和1.34倍。有机肥最佳替代比例为75%,可提高上海青产量、品质和氮磷肥利用率。本研究结果为合理确定区域有机肥替代化肥提供科学依据,减少化肥用量,降低氮磷流失风险,有效控制面源污染。In view of the problem of rural non-point source pollution caused by chemical fertilizers and livestock wastes,the effects of organic fertilizer replacement on growth and nutrient utilization of typical vegetables were explored in the combination areas of planning and breeding.The east Henan area was selected and a field plot test method was applied to compare the effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on the yield,quality and fertilizer utilization rate of Brassica campestris,and determine the best substitution ratio.The results showed that:under the condition of basic fertilization amount(20.00 gN/m^2,9.68 gP2O5/m^2),the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could guarantee the high yield and quality of Brassica campestris,and improve nitrogen and phosphorus content and nutrient utilization ratio.The yield of some organic fertilizer replacement groups increased slightly compared with the 100%chemical fertilizer group(H5).Furthermore,the replacement of organic fertilizer reduced the content of nitrate and nitrous acid in B.campestris by up to 28.13%and 83.64%.The 75%organic fertilizer replacement group(H2)had the highest soluble sugar content,which was 1.55 times that of the chemical fertilizer group.In addition,the organic fertilizer replacement proportion of 75%and 50%had relatively high nitrogen and phosphorus utilization ratio,which was 1.64 times and 1.34 times that of the chemical fertilizer group respectively.In conclusion,the optimal ratio of organic fertilizer replacement proportion is 75%,which could ensure the high yield and quality of B.campestris and increase the utilization ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus.The results could provide a scientific basis for the rational organic fertilizer replacement in the region,thus to reduce chemical fertilizer use,decrease the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss and control non-point source pollution.

关 键 词：有机肥 上海青 产量 品质 氮利用率 磷利用率 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学]