不同温度对设施大棚内西葫芦病毒病防控的影响  

Effect of Temperature on Cucurbita pepo L. Virus Disease Prevention and Control in Greenhouses

作　　者：秦一帆[1] 杨玉花 张晓宇[1] QIN Yifan;YANG Yuhua;ZHANG Xiaoyu(Institute of Agricultural Products Storage and Fresh-keeping,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农产品贮藏保鲜研究所,山西太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第9期1631-1635,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目(YBSJJ1706);山西省农业科学院重点攻关项目(YGG1620);山西省重点研发计划项目(201603D21101)

摘　　要：试验利用高压喷雾系统、外遮阳网及风口通风等措施设置4个不同温度处理在夏季塑料大棚内种植西葫芦,通过调查不同处理下蚜虫虫口数量、带毒率,以及西葫芦病毒病病情指数及发病率,从而研究不同温度条件下西葫芦病毒病的防控效果;同时通过调查果实数目、畸形果率及产量等相关性状研究不同温度条件对西葫芦经济效益的影响。结果表明,7月27日,在高温(30~45℃)条件下,蚜虫虫口数量和带毒率最少,分别为75.40头/10株和0;西葫芦抗病品种潘多拉和感病品种亮丽的病毒病病情指数和发病率最低,分别为0.89,8.22%和5.33,20.58%;短高温(每天高温2h(40~45℃)+低温(15~25℃))条件下,蚜虫虫口数量和带毒率以及西葫芦发病率与病情指数都略高于高温条件,但差异不显著;低温(15~25℃)条件虽能部分降低蚜虫虫口数量和带毒率,但西葫芦抗病品种潘多拉和感病品种亮丽的病情指数和发病率为14.22,52.36%和18.67,56.58%,均比高温和短高温条件略高,差异极显著,常温条件下,发病率和病情指数均显著高于其他处理;在高温条件下,西葫芦抗病品种和感病品种的畸形果率明显高于短高温,而产量相关性状均明显低于短高温。短高温条件可在兼顾西葫芦生产的经济效益前提下,最大限度地控制病毒病的发生,为夏季栽培西葫芦提供理论指导。To test Cucurbita pepo virus disease prevention and control under different temperature treatments, Cucurbita pepo were planted in plastic greenhouse in summer by using the high pressure spray system, sun-shade net and draught ventilation measures. The paper investigated aphid population, rate of toxicity of aphids, disease index of Cucurbita pepo virus and incidence rate, so as to study the fruit number, rate of deformity fruit and yield traits related to research the influence of different temperature conditions on the Cucurbita pepo economic benefits. The results showed that under high temperature(30-45 ℃), the aphid population and rate of toxicity of aphids were the lowest(75.40 head/10 plants, 0). Cucurbita pepo disease-resistant varieties(Panduola) and disease-susceptible varieties(Liangli) disease index and incidence rate were the lowest(0.89, 8.22% and 5.33, 20.58%), respectively. Under high temperature short time(high temperature 2 h(40-45 ℃)+low temperature(15-25 ℃)), disease index and incidence rate were slightly higher than the high temperature but difference was not significant. Under low temperature(15-25 ℃), the aphid population and rate of toxicity of aphids were partial inhibited, but disease index and incidence rate were significantly higher than high temperature and high temperature short time, which were 14.22, 52.36% and 18.67, 56.58%, respectively. In normal temperature, disease index and incidence rate were slightly higher than the other temperatures. The rate of deformity fruit in high temperature was slightly higher than in high temperature short time, but yield traits were slightly lower than in high temperature short time. In conclusion, both the economic benefits of Cucurbita pepo production and the low virus disease rate were give attention, high temperature short time was the best fit temperature for breeding Cucurbita pepo in summer, which provided theoretical guidance for the Cucurbita pepo cultivation in summer in this research.

关 键 词：西葫芦 病毒病 温度 设施大棚 

分 类 号：S436.429[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]