人格理论视角下社区老年人生活质量相关因素的模型构建与分析  

Model Construction and Analysis of Factors Influencing Life Quality of Community-dwelling Elderly from the Perspective of Personality Theory

作　　者：郝冉[1] 董环[1,2] 宋园园 朱玉芳 胡洁[1] HAO Ran;DONG Huan;SONG Yuanyuan;ZHU Yufang;HU Jie(Clinical Humanistic Care and Nursing Research Center of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;Department of Nursing,Aerospace Central Hospital,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学临床人文关爱与护理研究中心,河北省石家庄市050031 [2]航天中心医院护理部,北京市100049

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2019年第29期3627-3633,共7页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：河北省社会科学发展研究课题(201604120409);河北省科技计划项目(17277702D)

摘　　要：背景随着我国人口老龄化,老年人的生活质量,尤其是心理健康状态日益受到学者们的关注。心理健康状态是由内因决定的,而人格是影响心理健康状态的重要因素。但目前缺乏人格特征对于老年人生活质量的影响研究。目的分析以人格特征为核心的社区老年人生活质量相关因素,为探索新型照护干预措施提供思路。方法于2017年3-8月利用半随机的方法进行横断面调查研究,先用抽签法随机抽取石家庄市8个社区,再用方便抽样法选择符合纳入标准的老年人为研究对象。调查问卷包括一般资料问卷、简明健康测量量表(SF-36)、总体幸福感量表(GWBS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)等,采用多元线性回归、路径分析等统计学方法,评价各因素对老年人生活质量的影响及因素间的相互关系。结果共发放问卷450份,回收有效问卷436份,有效回收率为96.9%。436例老年人,SF-36评分为(111.4±30.6)分,心理因素总结(MCS)评分为(56.8±16.6)分,生理因素总结(PCS)评分为(54.6±16.7)分,生活质量良、中等、差的比例分别为40.1%(175/436)、51.6%(225/436)、8.3%(36/436);GWBS评分为(77.0±12.2)分;SSRS评分为(39.2±8.2)分;GSES评分为(24.7±4.0)分;EPQ中内外倾向(E)分量表评分为(62.7±12.8)分,神经质(N)分量表评分为(61.2±14.4)分,精神质(P)分量表评分为(71.3±22.2)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化水平(β=-7.724)、现月收入(β=7.229)、GWBS(β=1.143)、E评分(β=-0.249)是影响社区老年人生活质量的因素(P<0.05)。路径分析结果则进一步表明,以E、N、P为核心的人格特征可通过中介变量即总体幸福感,进而影响老年人生活质量。结论石家庄市社区老年人生活质量处于中等水平,且与人格特征中的E密切相关。建议以其人格特征为基础,研究制定特性化照护干预措施,精细化地帮助社区老年人获取有Background When facing aging population in China,scholars have paid more attention to quality of life among the elderly,especially their mental health.As is known,mental health is determined by internal factors,of which personality traits plays a very important role.However,there is a lack of research on the effect of personality traits on the life quality of the elderly.Objective To investigate relevant factors,particularly personality traits,that affect the life quality of communitydwelling elders,so as to provide ideas for exploring new nursing interventions.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by semi-random method from March to August 2017.First,eight communities in Shijiazhuang were randomly selected by lottery,and then the elderly who met the criteria were selected by convenient sampling as subjects.General Data Questionnaire,36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36),General Well-being Schedule(GWBS),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) were used to investigate the elderly.The influencing factors and their relationship on the quality of life of the elderly was evaluated by multivariate linear regression and path analysis.Results A total of 450 questionnaires were issued and 436 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 96.9%.In 436 elderly patients,the SF-36 score was(111.4±30.6),the MCS score was(56.8±16.6),the PCS score was(54.6±16.7),the proportion of good,moderate and poor quality of life was 40.1%(175/436),51.6%(225/436),8.3%(36/436),respectively;the GWBS score was(77.0±12.2),the SSRS score was(39.2±8.2),the GSES score was(24.7±4.0),and the score of sub-scale Extraversion(E) in EPQ was(62.7±12.8),the score of sub-scale Neuroticism(N) was(61.2 ±14.4),and the score of sub-scale Psychoticism(P) was(71.3±22.2).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that education level(β=-7.724),current monthly income(β=7.229),GWBS(β=1.143),E score(β=-0.249) were factors influencing the quali

关 键 词：社区老年人 生活质量 人格 总体幸福感 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]