不同施肥水平对果洛高寒草甸草地的影响  

Effects of fertilization levels on natural grassland of Guoluo Alpine Meadow

作　　者：孙金金 汪鹏斌 徐长林[1] 贺有龙 汪海波 李亚娟[1] 鱼小军[1] SUN Jin-jin;WANG Peng-bin;XU Chang-lin;HE You-long;WANG Hai-bo;LI Ya-juan;YU Xiao-jun(Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland EcosystemMinistry of Education,Sion-U.S.Centers for Grazing land Ecosystem Sustainability,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730070,China;Grassland Station of Guoluo Prefecture,Dawu 814000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃省草业工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]青海省果洛州草原站,青海大武814000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2019年第4期25-30,共6页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“高寒草地综合利用关键技术及适应性管理研究与示范”(2016YFC050 1904)资助

摘　　要：以高寒草甸为对象,研究了不同施氮肥和磷肥水平对植物群落高度、盖度和生物量的影响以及不同施肥处理下的经济效益。结果表明:施肥当年和第2年植物群落和各功能群的平均高度、总盖度和生物量都显著高于不施肥,相比不施肥,各施肥处理下的植物群落平均高度、总盖度和生物量分别增加了23.46%,13.10%和50.73%。且随着施肥量的增加,草地植被群落的生物量也增加,但不同处理增加的幅度不一致。施肥第1年施用尿素132.3kg/hm^2、磷酸二铵217.4kg/hm^2时草地生物量最高,为566.3g/m^2;施肥第2年施尿素174.9kg/hm^2、磷酸二铵108.7kg/hm^2时草地生物量最大,为581.3g/m^2。通过对施肥处理下两年的经济效益的计算,发现施尿素174.9kg/hm^2、磷酸二铵108.7kg/hm^2处理产出投入比最高,为1.78%。较符合生产实际,为最佳施肥量。The effects of fertilization on plant community height,coverage and biomass and economic benefits under different fertilization treatments were studied in alpine meadows in Dawu Town,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province.The results showed that the average height,total coverage and biomass of plant communities and functional groups in the second year after fertilization and fertilization were significantly higher than those without fertilization.Compared with no fertilization,the average height,total coverage and biomass of plant communities under each fertilization treatment increased by 23.46%,13.10%and 50.73%,respectively,and the biomass of the community increased with the increase of fertilization amount.However,the increase of the different treatments is inconsistent.In the first year of fertilization,vegetation has the highest biomass at 132.3 kg/hm^2 of urea,217.4 kg/hm^2 of diammonium phosphate,was 566.3 g/m^2.The second year of fertilization,vegetation has the highest biomass at 174.9 kg/hm^2 of urea,108.7 kg/hm^2 of diammonium phosphate,which was 581.3 g/m^2.Through the calculation of the economic benefits of fertilization for the next two years,it was found that 174.9 kg/hm^2 of urea,and 108.7 kg/hm^2 of diammonium phosphate.The ratio of output to input is the highest,which was 1.78%.The present results are more in line with the actual production,and is the best recommended fertilizer amount.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 施肥 盖度 生物量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]