煤矿开采对矿坑周边植被覆盖度、生物量、土壤水分和地下水位的影响  

Grassland ecological factors on industrial disturbance response law research

作　　者：邢恩德[1] 何京丽[1] 张铁钢[1] 田秀民[1] XING En-de;HE Jing-li;ZHANG Tie-gang;TIAN Xiu-min(Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area of the Ministry of WaterResources of China,Hohhot 010020)

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2019年第4期53-57,64,共6页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：中国水利科学院基本科研业务费—半干旱生态脆弱区人为干扰下水土保持技术研究(MK2017 J04);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC05 00505)资助

摘　　要：为研究内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤矿开采对矿坑周边草地的植被覆盖度、地上生物量、土壤水分和地下水位的影响,采用野外定位监测,调查了植物覆盖度、地上生物量、土壤水分和地下水位的变化情况。结果表明:以露天煤矿开采坑和排土场为中心,随着远离煤矿开采坑距离的增加植被覆盖度逐渐增高,煤矿开采对于植被覆盖度的影响范围在4.0km以内,植物生物量也同时出现增加现象,煤矿周边受影响草地的生物量比对照区(未受煤矿影响)生物量减少13%~36%。煤矿开采对周边草地水平方向的土壤含水量的影响无显著性差异,土壤含水量在垂直方向上差异显著。受煤矿开采抽排疏干水的影响,矿区周边地下水位整体呈下降趋势。In order to understand the influence of Shengli Coal Mine in Xilinguole Grassland Inner Mongolia on vegetation coverage,aboveground biomass,soil moisture and groundwater level of surrounding grassland during mining,field positioning monitoring was used to investigate and measure the changes of vegetation coverage,aboveground biomass,soil moisture and groundwater level.The results showed that the vegetation coverage increases with the distance from the open pit and dumping site,and the influence of coal mining on vegetation coverage was within 4.0 km.The plant biomass also increases.The biomass of the affected grassland around the coal mine decreases by 13%~36%compared with that of the control area(not affected by the coal mine).There is no significant difference in the influence of coal mining on the soil water content in the horizontal direction of surrounding grassland,and the change of soil water content is mainly reflected in the vertical direction.Influenced by the drainage and drainage of drainage water from coal mining,the groundwater level around the mining area shows a downward trend throughout the year.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 植被覆盖度 土壤水分 地下水位 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]