黄尾鲴形态特征及其同工酶电泳分析  

Morphological characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of isozymes in Xenocypris davidi

作　　者：张涛[1] 张林[1] 周剑光[1] 甘金华[1] 陈建武[1] 何力[1] ZHANG Tao;ZHANG Lin;ZHOU Jianguang;GAN Jinhua;CHEN Jianwu;HE Li(Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products(Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fish Germplasm Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部水产品质量安全风险评估实验室(武汉)农业农村部淡水鱼类种质监督检验测试中心中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2019年第4期48-55,共8页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(GJFP201700902)

摘　　要：为了解黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi)的形态特征和生化遗传特性,为其种质鉴定提供理论依据,本研究采用传统形态观察和可数可量性状测定的方法对74尾样品进行了形态特征分析,并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对黄尾鲴5种组织(心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)进行了分析。结果表明:1)黄尾鲴的主要形态特征为:头小而尖,口下位,下颌有较发达的角质边缘。肛门靠近臀鳍,肛门前具小段腹棱。鳃盖骨后缘有一浅黄色斑块,背鳍末端呈黄色,胸鳍和腹鳍呈淡黄色,尾鳍呈橘黄色。鳍式为背鳍D.Ⅲ-7和臀鳍A.ⅲ-9~11;下咽齿齿式2·4·6/6·4·2;脊椎骨数为36~41;左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数为44~52。2)黄尾鲴的心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的LDH酶带数分别为:6、6、3~4、7和5~8条;MDH酶带数分别为4~7、0~3、3~4、3~4和2~3条,心脏和肌肉MDH分为上清液型MDH(s-MDH)和线粒体型MDH(m-MDH)。研究认为:黄尾鲴的2种同工酶系统具有组织特异性,眼睛晶状体组织LDH可作为鉴定黄尾鲴种质的特征生化遗传参数。The purpose of this paper was to study the morphological characteristics and biochemical genetics characteristics of Xenocypris davidi and to provide a theoretical basis for germplasm identification. A traditional morphological observation method was used to determine the measurable and countable traits of the 74 fish samples. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) expressed in five tissues (heart, eye lens, muscle, liver and kidney) from Xenocypris davidi was analyzed by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major morphological characteristics of the Xenocypris davidi were shown as follows: sharp smaller head, hypognathous type, lower jaw with developed horn edge. There was a short strip of pelvic scutes before the anus which adjacent to the anal fin. A pale-yellow plaque was on the back of the operculum. The back of the dorsal fin presented yellow. Pectoral fin and ventral fin presented pale-yellow, and tail fin was saffron yellow. The fin formula was dorsal fin D.Ⅲ-7 and anal fin was A.ⅲ-9-11, and dental formula of the pharyngeal dentition presented 2·4·6/6·4·2. The number of spines was 36~41. The first lateral arch on left side was 44~52. The numbers of LDH bands in heart, eye lens, muscle, liver and kidney of the Xenocypris davidi were 6, 6, 3-4, 7 and 5-8, respectively, and the numbers of MDH bands in the four tissues were 4-7, 0-3, 3-4, 3-4 and 2-3, respectively. Additionally, MDH isozymes that expressed in heart and muscle tissues were divided into supernatant type (s-MDH) and mitochondria type (m-MDH). These two kinds of isozymes system in Xenocypris davidi possessed tissue specificity. The LDH isozymes in eye lens can be used to identify Xenocypris davidi as the biochemical genetic marker .

关 键 词：黄尾鲴 形态特征 乳酸脱氢酶 苹果酸脱氢酶 组织特异性 同工酶电泳 种质资源鉴定 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]