丘陵山区土地利用生态功能评价及结构优化  

Ecological function evaluation and structural optimization of land use in hilly mountainous areas

作　　者：戴智勇 杨朝现[1] 信桂新 魏耀华 熊想想 DAI Zhiyong;YANG Chaoxian;XIN Guixin;WEI Yaohua;XIONG Xiangxiang(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Research Center for Development and Utility of Unique Resources in the Wulingshan Region,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]长江师范学院武陵山区特色资源开发与利用研究中心,重庆408100

出　　处：《生态科学》2019年第4期194-201,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771534);国家科技支撑项目(2013BAJ11B02);重庆市社科项目(2017YBJJ035)

摘　　要：针对生态普遍脆弱的丘陵山区实施土地利用生态评价,科学优化土地利用结构,对维持良好稳定的土地生态功能、提高土地利用效率具有重要的现实意义。采用传统经典的生态足迹模型,对西南丘陵区重庆市荣昌区近10年(2007-2016年)土地生态功能实施评价,并选用多目标规划模型方法,以土地生态赤字最小化为目标,对全区土地利用结构进行了优化调整。研究结果表明:(1)近10年,受土地利用不合理配置的扰动,荣昌区人均生态赤字持续增长、人均生态承载力逐年降低,生态赤字由2007年的1.77 hm^2·人^–1增加到了2016年的3.19 hm^2·人^–1,年平均增长幅度为8.02%,到2016年生态赤字是生态承载力的8.37倍,土地资源利用呈现出压力较大、生态问题较多的状态。(2)土地利用结构优化会更好提升土地利用生态功能,促进土地利用生态系统的良性稳定。基于土地生态赤字最小化目标,经优化,荣昌区生态调节功能较强的林地和草地面积增加10051.58hm2,耕地面积减少9181.64hm^2,城乡建设用地面积减少1379.86 hm^2,自然保留地减少45.44hm^2。实现结构调整后,区域生态承载力预测将提高22.58%,人均生态赤字将减少0.07 hm^2·人^–1,优化后的土地利用结构实现了全区生态、经济和社会效益的统一。Implementing land use ecological evaluation and optimizing land use structure scientifically in view of the fragile ecological hilly is of great significance to maintaining stable land ecological functions and improving land use efficiency. Results show that in the past 10 years, due to the disturbance of unreasonable allocation of land use, the per capita ecological deficit in Rongchang area has continued to increase and the per capita ecological carrying capacity has decreased year by year. The ecological deficit was increased from 1.77 in 2007 to 3.19 in 2016, the average annual increase was 8.02% and the ecological deficit was 8.37 times the ecological capacity in 2016. The utilization of land resources presented a state of great pressure and many ecological problems. Besides, the optimization of land use structure improved the ecological function of land use and promoted the benign stability of land use ecosystem. Based on the goal of minimizing land ecological deficit, the area of woodland and grassland with strong ecological regulation function increased by 10051.58 hm^2, the cultivated land area decreased by 9181.64 hm^2, the urban and rural construction land area decreased by 1379.86 hm^2, and the natural reserve decreased by 45.44 hm^2. Regional ecological capacity was predicted to increase by 22.58% and per capita ecological deficit decreased by 0.07 hm^2, and the optimized land use structure realized the unity of ecological economy and social benefit.

关 键 词：土地利用 生态功能 结构优化 丘陵山区 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]