价值学的学科定位及其核心问题  

The Disciplinary Orientation and Core Problem of Axiology

作　　者：兰久富 LAN Jiufu(School of Philosophy, Research Center for Value and Culture, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Core Socialist Values, Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院、价值与文化研究中心、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2019年第2期5-19,共15页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“当代中国价值哲学的反思性研究”(14JJD720009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：价值学是一门为人文社会科学探究人类事务所涉及的价值问题提供一般理论基础的实践哲学。价值学面临的最大挑战来自价值相对主义。价值相对主义有价值多元主义、价值主观主义、价值虚无主义等形态,其中价值主观主义强调不存在客观的价值根据,价值评价是完全主观的,对价值学的危害最大。价值学的核心问题是“评价何以成立”,解决这一问题的关键在于找到稳定可靠的价值根据。价值不是客观存在的某种事物,因此无法在本体论上确立客观的价值根据。平常用于评价事物的情感、欲望、意志、观念等都具有主观性,也不能成为可靠的价值根据。寻找可靠价值根据的可行途径是考察人的本性及其内在目的,按照内在目的的自然选择区分人的存在状态的好坏,由此确定内在于人自身的目的价值。以目的价值为前提,通过人与事物之间的目的—手段关系可以合理地评价事物对人的手段价值。Axiology is a practical philosophy that provides a general theoretical basis for humanities and social sciences to explore the value issues involved in human affairs. The greatest challenge to Axiology comes from value relativism. Value relativism includes value pluralism, value subjectivism, value nihilism and other forms, of which value subjectivism is the most harmful to Axiology, because it emphasizes that there is no objective basis of value and value evaluation is completely subjective. The core problem of Axiology is “why evaluation can be established”, and the key to solve this problem lies in finding a stable and reliable basis of value. Value is not a specific thing that exists objectively, so it is impossible to establish objective value basis in ontological theory. The emotion, desire, will and idea these are commonly used to evaluate things are subjective and cannot be a reliable basis of value. The feasible way to find reliable value basis is to examine human nature and its intrinsic purpose, and to distinguish between the existence state of human beings according to the natural choice of intrinsic purpose, so as to confirm the value of human s own purpose. It may be argued that the means value of things to people can be properly evaluated through the purpose-means relationship between people and things on the premise of the end value.

关 键 词：价值学 实践哲学 价值相对主义 目的价值 手段价值 

分 类 号：B018[哲学宗教—哲学理论]