不同水肥条件对涌泉根灌枣树叶面积和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions on Leaf Area and Yield of Jujube Under Bubbled-root Irrigation

作　　者：何振嘉 李晓 HE Zhen-jia;LI Xiao(Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi ′an Shaanxi 710075;The Northwest Suburb of Xi′an City Drainage Channel Management Center)

机构地区：[1]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [2]西安市西北郊城市排洪渠道管理中心

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2019年第17期63-66,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD29B04)

摘　　要：以陕西榆林山地矮化密植枣树为研究对象,分析了不同水肥浓度对涌泉根灌枣树生育期内叶面积指数、果实发育和产量的影响。结果表明,不同水肥处理叶面积指数均在枣树果实膨大期达到高峰且稳定持续至果实成熟期末期、随后叶面积指数开始下降,叶面积指数随着萌芽展叶期灌水量的增加而增加,而且以高水中肥处理(萌芽展叶期和果实膨大期各灌水105 L/株,幼果期追施纯氮240 g/株,W1N2)最大;所有处理中,高水、低水处理与低肥相组合果实体积最大,在中灌水处理下不施肥时果实的体积最大;单位枝长的果实数目最高的是中水中肥处理(萌芽展叶期灌水80 L/株、果实膨大期灌水105 L/株,幼果期追施纯氮肥240 g/株,W2N2),最低的是低水处理(果实膨大期灌水150 L/株,不追肥,W3N0),在一定范围内,适当施肥能促进枣果单位枝长果实数目的增加;在一定条件下,所有处理中产量最高的是中水中肥处理(W2N2,产量超过30 000 kg/hm^2),最低的是低水高肥处理(W3N1,产量不到15 000 kg/hm^2)。因此,可以选择中水中肥处理,以获得最高的产量。Taking the dwarf and densely pear-jujube tree planted in Yulin mountainous area of Shaanxi Province as the research object,the effects of different water and fertilizer concentrations on the leaf area index,fruit development and yield of jujube trees under bubbled-root irrigation during the growth period were analyzed. The results showed that the leaf area index of different water and fertilizer treatments reached a peak at the fruit enlargement stage of the jujube tree,and remained stable until the end of fruit ripening period,and then the leaf area index began to decline.The leaf area index increased with the increase of irrigation water during the leafing stage,and reached maximum with high water and medium fertilizer treatment(W1N2).Among all the treatments,the fruits with high water,low water treatment and low fertilizer had the largest size,while the fruits with middle irrigation had the largest size when no fertilizer was applied.The highest number of fruits per unit branch length appeared in medium water and medium fertilizer treatment(W2N2),while the lowest appeared in low water treatment(W3N0).In a certain range,appropriate fertilization could increase the number of fruits per unit branch length of jujube fruit.Under certain conditions, the highest yield of all treatments was medium water and medium fertilizer treatment(W2N2)with a yield of more than 30 000 kg/hm2,while the lowest was low water and high fertilizer treatment(W3N1)with a yield of less than 15 000 kg/hm2.Therefore,medium water and medium fertilizer treatment can be selected to obtain the highest yield.

关 键 词：枣树 涌泉根灌 水肥浓度 叶面积指数 产量 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]